TLR7和TLR8在家畜性控技术中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物性别控制(sex control)技术在畜牧生产中有着重要的意义,在畜牧生产实践中,通过性别控制技术人类可以获得预想性别的优秀家畜后代,从而使家畜的泌乳性能、繁殖性能和生产性能发挥到最大。目前,传统的哺乳动物性别控制技术主要分为两类:受精前X/Y精子分离技术和受精后早期胚胎性别鉴定。这些方法都有各自的特点和局限性,如处理时间长、分离效率低、对精子活力和胚胎发育有损伤等,因此,这些技术有待进一步优化和完善。本文总结并分析了哺乳动物的传统性控技术,简述其各自特点及存在的问题。此外,利用激活Toll样受体7和Toll样受体8分离X/Y精子的新技术引起了广泛关注,与传统方法相比,该方法无需添加外源药物,具有高效、快速、无毒副作用等优点。尽管该技术已经成功应用于小鼠、羊、牛等动物的性别控制中,但在大规模应用上仍有一些问题需要进一步解决。本文总结了该技术的研究进展,分析了目前将该方法应用于实际生产中的可行性,并对该技术未来的发展趋势进行展望。

关键词: 哺乳动物, 性别控制, 精子分离, TLR7, TLR8

Abstract: The utilization of sex control technology in mammals plays a crucial role in the field of livestock production. By employing this technology in practical livestock farming, individuals can successfully obtain offspring of the preferred gender, consequently optimizing the lactation, reproduction, and production performance of the livestock. At present, traditional mammalian sex control techniques mainly fall into two categories: X and Y sperm separation before fertilization and early embryonic gender identification after fertilization. However, these methods have limitations including prolonged duration, limited efficiency, compromised sperm viability, and arrest of embryonic development. Consequently, these techniques need to be enhanced and refined. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the main pre-fertilization sex control methodologies used in mammals, highlighting their characteristics and current challenges. Furthermore, the novel approach of utilizing activated Toll-like receptor 7/8 to segregate X and Y sperm has garnered considerable interest. In contrast to conventional methods, this methodology obviates the need for exogenous pharmaceuticals and offers advantages such as heightened efficacy, expeditiousness, and the absence of deleterious toxicities. Despite the demonstrated success of this technology in controlling the sex of animals such as mice, sheep and cattle, there are still some problems that need to be further solved in large-scale applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the research progress achieved in this field, assesses the feasibility of application in production settings, and prospects the future development trend of the technology.

Key words: mammals, sex determination, sperm separation, TLR7, TLR8

中图分类号:

S814

王娜娜, 李颀菡, 马媛, 金昊延, 胡亚美, 马云, 张令锴. TLR7和TLR8在家畜性控技术中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(2): 427-437.

WANG Nana, LI Qihan, MA Yuan, JIN Haoyan, HU Yamei, MA Yun, ZHANG Lingkai. Research Progress on TLR7 and TLR8 in Livestock Reproductive Control Technology[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(2): 427-437.

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