病毒感染激活炎症小体的分子机制

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

炎症小体是宿主细胞应对外界刺激、特殊病原或细胞损伤相关分子产生的一类多聚蛋白复合物，可以直接导致宿主细胞发生炎性坏死，即细胞焦亡。炎症小体复合物主要由炎症信号识别受体、凋亡相关点样蛋白（ASC)和含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸水解酶1(caspase-1)组成。炎症信号识别受体识别刺激信号后，自身发生寡聚化，并募集ASC和caspase-1，活化的caspase-1切割促炎症因子前体(pro-IL)-1β和IL-18，产生成熟的促炎细胞因子IL-1β和IL-18。根据炎症信号识别受体的种类，炎症小体主要分为两类，即核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体（NLR)炎症小体和黑色素瘤缺乏因子2样受体(ALR)炎症小体。宿主细胞可以识别病毒的不同结构，如离子通道蛋白、非结构蛋白和病毒核酸等，并产生相应的炎症小体，进而激活后续炎症和免疫相关反应导致细胞焦亡。作者从病毒结构的角度出发，阐述了宿主细胞是如何应对病毒不同结构的刺激并产生相应的炎症小体。

Abstract:

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that induce downstream immune responses to environmental stimuli, specific pathogens and host cell damage, leading to the pyroptotic cell death of host cells. Inflammasomes mainly consist of recognition receptors of inflammatory signals ASC (the adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain) and pro-caspase-1. Once activated, inflammasomes can induce the activation of caspase-1 and maturation of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. Inflammasomes can be classed into the NLR (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome and the ALR (absent in melanoma 2 like receptor) inflammasome on the basis of the types of inflammatory signals recognition receptors. Host cells can recognize different viral components, including viroporins, non-structural proteins, viral double-stranded DNA and viral single stranded RNA, by different inflammatory signals recognition receptors and promote the formation of responding inflammasomes. Herein, we outlined the mechanisms of inflammasome formation activated by diverse viral components, and therefore provide a reference for future research and development of novel antiviral drugs.

中图分类号:

S852.4

高泽乾，朱学亮，张志东，窦永喜. 病毒感染激活炎症小体的分子机制[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(11): 2167-2174.

GAO Ze-qian, ZHU Xue-liang, ZHANG Zhi-dong, DOU Yong-xi. The Mechanisms of Inflammasomes Activation by Viral Components[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(11): 2167-2174.

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