鸽子性别鉴定的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鸽子具有悠久的养殖历史，作为一种单态鸟，其性别鉴定一直是养殖和科学研究的重要问题。近年来鸽肉成为人们重要的肉食来源，使得鸽子养殖产业与规模迅速扩大，性别鉴定成为制约养鸽业发展的主要问题。本文从鸽子的性别决定机制、性别遗传基础、性别鉴定方法研究现状进行梳理归纳，并讨论了鸽子在性别鉴定中面临的主要问题，结合当前的研究进展阐明了鸽子性别鉴定未来的研究方向，为鸽子以及鸟类的性别鉴定提供参考。

关键词: 鸽子, 性别鉴定, 性别遗传基础, 分子生物学技术, 自别雌雄

Abstract:

Pigeons have a long history of breeding, as monomorphic birds, their sex identification has always been an important issue in breeding and scientific research. In recent years, pigeon meat has become an important source of meat for people, leading to a rapid expansion of the pigeon breeding industry and scale, making sex identification as a major issue constraining the development of the pigeon breeding industry. This paper organizes and summarizes the sex determination mechanism, genetic basis of sex, and the current status of sex identification methods in pigeons, and discusses the main issues in pigeon sex identification. It clarifies the future research direction of pigeon sex identification in conjunction with current research progress, providing a reference for the sex identification of pigeons and birds.

Key words: pigeon, sex identification, genetic basis of sex, molecular biology techniques, auto-sexing

中图分类号:

S836.3

于树龙, 毛楠楠, 王韵龙, 张怡然, 王媛媛, 周荣艳, 臧素敏, 谢辉. 鸽子性别鉴定的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3601-3609.

YU Shulong, MAO Nannan, WANG Yunlong, ZHANG Yiran, WANG Yuanyuan, ZHOU Rongyan, ZANG Sumin, XIE Hui. Research Progress on Pigeon Sex Identification[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3601-3609.

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方法 Method	描述 Description	参考文献 Reference
形态观察法 Morphologic observation	一般情况下雄性鸽子比雌性体型大，头大，喙长，羽毛颜色和图案更加鲜艳	[40-42]
	上缘覆盖下缘，稍突出者为公；下缘突出覆盖上缘者为母	[1]
	成年鸽子也可以通过观察尾羽进行性别鉴定，即提着翅膀，按住鸽子的腋下，尾羽上翘的是雌鸽，尾羽下弯且有污渍的是雄鸽	[43]
行为学分析法 Behavioral analysis	雄性更具攻击性和领土性，在求偶时表现出更为明显的求爱行为	[40, 41]
行为学分析法 Behavioral analysis	雄鸽叫声咕咕，母鸽叫声晤晤	[1]
器官判断法 Organ judgment method	利用扩肛器翻肛观察泄殖腔内生殖突起辨别性别，雄鸽生殖突起呈乳头状或山峰状，尖而细；雌鸽生殖突起大而圆或者无突起	[44]
器官判断法 Organ judgment method	通过剖腹、腹腔镜检查或影像学技术可以在胸腔下方靠近脊柱位置观察到雄性有一对睾丸，雌性通常只有一个卵巢	[45]
染色体观察法 Chromosome observation method	通过细胞培养和显微镜观察细胞分裂中的染色体识别Z和W染色体来判断性别	[46]

分子生物学技术 Molecular biology techniques	主要缺点 Main disadvantages	成本 Cost	耗时 Duration	设备要求 Equipment requirement	灵敏度 Sensitivity
RPA-LFD	高成本、引物设计复杂、多重检测受限	高	短	低	高
LAMP	引物设计极难、假阳性率高、片段短	中	短	低	中
CPA-strip	引物设计复杂、扩增效率低、应用范围窄	中	中	中	中
常规PCR Routine PCR	依赖热循环仪、耗时、操作繁琐	低	长	高	高

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