饲粮不同能量水平对陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.020

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 3011-3023.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.020

饲粮不同能量水平对陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响

李陇平¹^,*(), 李托¹^,², 曹培文³, 朱海鲸¹, 张小玲³, 张宸¹, 肖普辉⁴, 董书伟¹, 冯平², 屈雷¹^,*(), 毕台飞¹^,²^,*()

1. 榆林学院陕西省陕北绒山羊工程技术研究中心，榆林 719000
2. 榆林学院生命科学学院，榆林 719000
3. 榆林市横山区畜牧兽医技术推广站，横山 719199
4. 陕西省畜牧技术推广总站，西安 710005

收稿日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2024-07-23 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 李陇平,屈雷,毕台飞 E-mail:llp_315@163.com;ylqulei@126.com;btf88709@163.com
作者简介:李陇平(1985-)，男，陕西陇县人，副教授，博士，主要从事动物营养调控、饲料资源开发利用和健康养殖技术研究，E-mail: llp_315@163.com
基金资助:
榆林市科技局产学研项目(2023-CXY-174);榆林市科技局产学研项目(CXY-2022-54);榆林市科技局产学研项目(CXY-2021-87);陕西省科技厅一般项目-农业领域(S2023-YF-YBNY-0080)

Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Weaned Male Shaanbei White Cashmere Goats

Longping LI¹^,*(), Tuo LI¹^,², Peiwen CAO³, Haijing ZHU¹, Xiaoling ZHANG³, Chen ZHANG¹, Puhui XIAO⁴, Shuwei DONG¹, Ping FENG², Lei QU¹^,*(), Taifei BI¹^,²^,*()

1. Shaanxi Province Engineering & Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goat, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
2. College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
3. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion Station in Hengshan District of Yulin City, Hengshan 719199, China
4. Shaanxi Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Xi 'an 710005, China

Received:2023-09-19 Online:2024-07-23 Published:2024-07-24
Contact: Longping LI, Lei QU, Taifei BI E-mail:llp_315@163.com;ylqulei@126.com;btf88709@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究饲粮不同能量水平对陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和菌群结构的影响。选择40只体重[(13.80±1.60) kg]接近的陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔随机分为4组，饲喂消化能水平分别为9.16(Ⅰ组)、9.66(Ⅱ组)、10.16(Ⅲ组)和10.66 MJ ·kg^－1(Ⅳ组)4种饲粮，所有饲粮的粗蛋白质水平均为11.8%。饲养试验持续60 d，包括7 d预试期和53 d正试期。试验结束后采集所有动物瘤胃液，测定瘤胃发酵参数，提取瘤胃液总DNA，PCR扩增16S rRNA的V3~V4区进行高通量测序及分析。结果显示：1)随着饲粮能量水平的提高，瘤胃液pH、氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量和乙酸/丙酸的比值逐渐降低，总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸含量呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势，微生物菌体蛋白(MCP)、丁酸和戊酸含量逐渐升高；Ⅳ组pH显著低于其他3组(P < 0.05)，Ⅰ组丙酸含量显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)，Ⅰ组乙酸/丙酸的比值极显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.01)。2)瘤胃微生物物种多样性结果表明，随着饲粮能量水平的提高，Shannon和Simpson指数逐渐降低，而Chao1、faith_pd和observed_OTUs指数均呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势，Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组Chao1和observed_OTUs指数均显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)。3)对瘤胃微生物的物种组成分析发现，拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是所有试验羊瘤胃优势菌门，且随着饲粮能量水平的提高，拟杆菌门的相对丰度逐渐降低，厚壁菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度逐渐升高。普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)和瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)是所有试验羊瘤胃优势菌属，且随着饲粮能量水平的提高，普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度逐渐降低，而瘤胃球菌属相对丰度极显著升高。4)瘤胃微生物的物种差异性方面：门水平上，Ⅳ组变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度最高，且显著高于其他3组(P < 0.05)，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组TM7相对丰度极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)，Ⅰ组互氧菌门(Synergistetes)相对丰度显著高于其他3组(P < 0.05)；属水平上，Ⅰ组瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)相对丰度极显著低于其他3组(P < 0.01)，Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira)相对丰度极显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.01)，Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组未分类拟杆菌(Unspecified_Bacteroidales)相对丰度显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)，Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)、未分类韦荣氏球菌科(Unspecified_Veillonellaceae)、未分类毛螺菌科(Unspecified_Lachnospiraceae)和未分类梭菌(Unspecified_Clostridiales)相对丰度显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)，Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组Unspecified_RF32相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P < 0.05)，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组Unspecified_F16相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P < 0.05)。综上所述，饲粮不同能量水平影响陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性，随着饲粮能量水平的提高，瘤胃微生物的丰富度有逐渐降低的变化趋势，显著改变了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、互氧菌门(Synergistetes)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)等细菌的相对丰度(P < 0.05)，且消化能水平为9.66 MJ ·kg^－1的饲粮能够有效改善陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和细菌组成。

关键词: 陕北白绒山羊, 断奶公羔, 能量水平, 瘤胃发酵特性, 瘤胃菌群组成

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy level on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial composition of weaned male Shaanbei white cashmere goats. A total of 40 healthy Shaanbei white cashmere goats with similar body weight (approximate (13.80±1.60) kg) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ). The crude protein (CP) level was 11.8%, and group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed four diets with different digestible energy (DE) of 9.16, 9.66, 10.16 and 10.66 MJ ·kg^－1, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days, including 7 days of pre-experiment and 53 days of formal experiment. At the end of experiment, rumen fluid was collected to investigate rumen fermentation parameters, and total DNA was extracted from rumen fluid. After PCR amplification, high-throughput sequencing and analysis were performed on the V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA to study the rumen microbial composition. The results were showed as follows: 1) As the energy level increasing, pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) content, and acetate to propionate ratio of rumen fluid decreased gradually. Total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and propionate content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while microbial crude protein (MCP) concentrations, butyrate and valerate content gradually increased; The pH of group Ⅳ was significantly lower than the other three groups (P < 0.05), the propionate in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), and the acetate to propionate ratio in group Ⅰ was extremely significantly higher than that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01). 2) Rumen microbial alpha diversity showed that with the increase of dietary energy levels, the Shannon and Simpson indices gradually decreased, while Chao1、faith_pd and observed_OTUs index showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with Chao1 and observed_OTUs index in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05). 3) The analysis of rumen microbial community composition showed that the dominant bacterial phyla included Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria; With the energy level increasing, the relative abundance of Bacteroidea gradually decreased, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria gradually increased; The dominant bacterial genera were Prevotella and Ruminococcus, with the energy level increasing, the relative abundance of Prevotella gradually decreased, while the abundance of Ruminococcus significantly increased. 4) The analysis of differential abundance comparison of rumen microbiota showed that: At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in group Ⅳ was the highest and significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of TM7 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Synergistetes in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in group Ⅰ was extremely significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.01), while the relative abundance of Oscillospira in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were extremely significantly lower than that of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Unspecified Bacteroides in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), the relative abundance of Succinomycetes, Unspecified Veillonellaceae, Unspecified Lachnospiraceae, and Unspecified Clostridials in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were all significantly higher than that of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), the relative abundance of Unspecified_RF32 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Unspecified_F16 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the increased dietary energy level affected the rumen fermentation characteristics of weaned male Shaanbei white cashmere goats, with a trend towards reducing the richness of rumen bacteria, as well as significantly changed the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Synergites, Ruminococcus and Succinococcus. And the diet with digestible energy level of 9.66 MJ ·kg^－1 can effectively improve the rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial composition of weaned male Shaanbei white cashmere goats.

Key words: Shaanbei white cashmere goats, weaned male goats, energy level, rumen fermentation characteristics, composition of rumen microbiota

中图分类号:

S827.5

李陇平, 李托, 曹培文, 朱海鲸, 张小玲, 张宸, 肖普辉, 董书伟, 冯平, 屈雷, 毕台飞. 饲粮不同能量水平对陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 3011-3023.

Longping LI, Tuo LI, Peiwen CAO, Haijing ZHU, Xiaoling ZHANG, Chen ZHANG, Puhui XIAO, Shuwei DONG, Ping FENG, Lei QU, Taifei BI. Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Weaned Male Shaanbei White Cashmere Goats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 3011-3023.

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项目Item	组别Group				SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ	Ⅱ组 Group Ⅱ	Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ	Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ	SEM	P值 P-value
pH	7.17^a	6.98^a	6.81^a	6.58^b	0.39	0.019
氨态氮/(mg·dL^－1) NH₃-N	17.65^a	15.99^a	10.16^b	9.98^b	1.85	0.006
微生物菌体蛋白/(μg·mL^－1) MCP	375.45	436.58	463.21	478.25	58.65	0.421
总挥发性脂肪酸/(mmol·L^－1)Total volatile fatty acid	53.46	62.26	68.54	63.75	4.45	0.486
乙酸/(mmol·L^－1)Acetate	33.28	39.12	41.25	36.65	1.14	0.273
丙酸/(mmol·L^－1)Propionate	6.52^b	9.48^ab	14.63^a	14.52^a	1.27	0.025
乙酸/丙酸A/P	5.15^Aa	4.58^ABb	3.81^Bb	3.42^Bc	0.08	0.01
丁酸/(mmol·L^－1)Butyrate	2.37	3.16	3.29	3.66	0.34	0.641
异丁酸/(mmol·L^－1)Isobutyrate	0.33	0.47	0.46	0.41	0.42	0.700
戊酸/(mmol·L^－1)Valerate	3.09	4.35	5.01	7.97	0.07	0.065
异戊酸/(mmol·L^－1)Isovalerate	0.19	0.27	0.31	0.26	0.03	0.666
己酸/(mmol·L^－1)Hexanoic acid	0.068	0.056	0.058	0.102	0.012	0.577

项目Item	组别Group				SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ	Ⅱ组 Group Ⅱ	Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ	Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ	SEM	P值 P-value
Chao1指数Chao 1 index	1 399.26^a	1 474.57^a	1 246.00^b	942.60^b	29.71	0.014
faith_pd指数faith_pd index	68.09	71.04	65.60	63.91	1.31	0.203
observed_OTUs指数observed_OTUs index	1 199.00^a	1 274.20^a	946.00^b	842.60^b	29.68	0.014
Shannon指数Shannon index	7.11	7.07	6.18	5.55	0.29	0.198
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.974	0.972	0.896	0.908	0.03	0.629

项目Item	组别Group				标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ	Ⅱ组 Group Ⅱ	Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ	Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
门水平Phylum level
变形菌门Proteobacteria	0.93±0.16^c	2.53±1.58^b	2.05±0.51^b	8.94±3.44^a	1.24	0.037
TM7	0.58±0.08^b	1.19±0.28^a	2.78±0.67^a	0.58±0.22^b	0.31	0.022
互养菌门Synergistetes	1.33±0.80^a	0.22±0.06^b	0.09±0.04^b	0.28±0.08^b	0.16	0.024
属水平Genus level
未分类拟杆菌Unspecified_Bacteroidales	9.06±0.46^a	5.18±1.15^b	17.85±13.77^a	1.53±0.56^c	3.86	0.038
瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus	1.02±0.68^Bc	9.54±5.12^Ab	27.48±10.88^Aa	30.32±11.02^Aa	5.03	0.006
未分类韦荣氏球菌科 Unspecified_Veillonellaceae	13.68±1.74^a	12.32±3.92^a	5.46±3.83^b	1.01±0.29^b	1.88	0.037
未分类梭菌Unspecified_Clostridiales	7.03±1.01^a	6.16±3.04^a	3.68±0.96^b	1.94±0.36^b	0.96	0.035
Unspecified_RF32	0.03±0.02^c	1.29±1.17^a	0.68±0.25^b	4.33±3.05^a	0.93	0.023
颤螺旋菌属Oscillospira	0.21±0.02^Bc	0.38±0.15^Bc	1.87±0.81^Ab	6.13±1.87^Aa	0.78	0.001
解琥珀酸菌属Succiniclasticum	3.49±1.13^a	2.42±0.84^a	0.84±0.67^b	0.22±0.11^b	0.43	0.017
未分类毛螺菌科 Unspecified_Lachnospiraceae	3.33±0.17^a	3.19±0.58^a	0.59±0.16^b	0.56±0.21^b	0.36	0.045
Unspecified_F16	0.58±0.08^b	1.19±0.28^a	2.78±0.67^a	0.59±0.23^b	0.29	0.022

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饲粮不同能量水平对陕北白绒山羊断奶公羔瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响

Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Weaned Male Shaanbei White Cashmere Goats

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