荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.022

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 5050-5058.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.022

荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计

杨桐桐¹(), 张海亮¹, 王澳¹, 常瑶¹, 李珊珊¹, 郭佳和¹, 张俊星², 黄越川¹^,², 韩丽云², 王瑜³, 王雅春¹^,*()

1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
2. 宁夏大学动物科技学院, 宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室, 银川 750021
3. 宁夏畜牧工作站, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-11-23 发布日期:2024-11-30
通讯作者: 王雅春 E-mail:3513596115@qq.com;wangyachun@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:杨桐桐(2000-), 女, 河南信阳人, 硕士生, 主要从事动物遗传育种研究, E-mail: 3513596115@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BBF02017);宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项《优质高产奶牛选育》(2019NYYZ05);财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for First Estrus Expression Traits in Holstein Cattle

Tongtong YANG¹(), Hailiang ZHANG¹, Ao WANG¹, Yao CHANG¹, Shanshan LI¹, Jiahe GUO¹, Junxing ZHANG², Yuechuan HUANG¹^,², Liyun HAN², Yu WANG³, Yachun WANG¹^,*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2024-04-15 Online:2024-11-23 Published:2024-11-30
Contact: Yachun WANG E-mail:3513596115@qq.com;wangyachun@cau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在通过智能项圈记录的发情记录定义奶牛发情表现性状，探究奶牛产后首次发情表现的群体规律并估计遗传参数。本研究数据来自宁夏地区8个规模化奶牛场的荷斯坦牛，收集了2020—2023年35 519头奶牛的272 589 811条发情记录和649 274条繁殖记录，定义了3个发情表现性状，包括产后首次发情的持续时间、发情指数及产犊至首次发情间隔；采用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程，分析了非遗传因素对产后首次发情表现性状的影响；基于DMU软件的DMUAI模块，使用单性状和双性状模型估计了产后首次发情表现性状的遗传参数。结果表明，荷斯坦牛产后首次发情的持续时间、发情指数以及产犊至首次发情间隔的平均值分别为45.87 h、80.25 au和44.43 d，胎次、首次配种日龄、昼夜效应、场效应和产犊年季效应对上述3个性状均有显著影响(P < 0.05)；产后首次发情的持续时间属于中等遗传力性状，遗传力估计值为0.139，发情指数和产犊至首次发情间隔属于低遗传力性状，遗传力均低于0.1；产后首次发情表现性状之间存在中至高的遗传相关，遗传相关系数的绝对值为0.179~0.722；产后首次发情性状与常规繁殖性状之间存在中高遗传相关，遗传相关系数的绝对值为0.146~0.766。通过智能项圈数据可以准确量化并监测奶牛的发情状况，从而解决传统记录方式的局限性。基于项圈数据定义的奶牛产后首次发情表现性状是可遗传的，将其与常规繁殖性状结合进行综合选择可为繁殖性能的选育提供新方向。

关键词: 奶牛, 繁殖性状, 产后首次发情, 遗传参数

Abstract:

The study aimed to define first estrus expression traits after calving (FETs) of dairy cows based on information recorded by collars and to estimate their genetic parameters and relationships with other routine fertility traits. Data were collected from 35 519 Holstein cows across 8 farms in Ningxia from 2020 to 2023, comprising 272 589 811 high-throughput estrus records and 649 274 reproductive records. Three estrus expression traits were defined, including the duration of first estrus expression (DFE), the interval from calving to first estrus expression (ICE) and the mean of heat indicators of first estrus expression after calving (HIE). The GLM in SAS 9.2 was used to analyze the effects of various non-genetic factors on FETs, and the DMUAI module of DMU were used to estimate the genetic parameters of FETs by employing single-trait and multi-trait model. The averages for DFE, ICE, and HIE were 45.87 h, 80.25 au and 44.43 d, respectively. Parity, age at first service, day-night, farm, and year-season of calving had significant effects on all the 3 traits (P < 0.05). DFE was a trait with medium heritability (h²=0.139), while both ICE and HIE were low heritable traits (h² < 0.1). Medium to high genetic correlations were observed between FETs (0.179 to 0.722) and between FETs and fertility traits (0.146-0.766). The collars-based information enables accurate quantification and monitoring of estrus expression in dairy cows, addressing the limitations of traditional recording methods. The FETs obtained from collars-based information are heritable and combining them with fertility traits can provide a new insight to improve genetic selection of estrus efficiency and fertility performance.

Key words: cow, fertility traits, first estrus expression after calving, genetic parameters

中图分类号:

S823.2

杨桐桐, 张海亮, 王澳, 常瑶, 李珊珊, 郭佳和, 张俊星, 黄越川, 韩丽云, 王瑜, 王雅春. 荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(11): 5050-5058.

Tongtong YANG, Hailiang ZHANG, Ao WANG, Yao CHANG, Shanshan LI, Jiahe GUO, Junxing ZHANG, Yuechuan HUANG, Liyun HAN, Yu WANG, Yachun WANG. Estimation of Genetic Parameters for First Estrus Expression Traits in Holstein Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 5050-5058.

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性状 Trait	数据量 N	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	变异系数 CV/%
发情持续时间/h DFE	34 836	45.87	7.87	4	76	17.15
产犊至首次发情间隔/d ICE	34 836	44.43	17.28	22	90	38.89
发情指数/au HIE	34 836	80.25	13.37	36	97.33	16.66
首次配种受胎率/% CR	24 994	73.03	0.44	0	100	1.63
首末次配种间隔/d IFL	16 815	44.01	60.39	44	353	137.21
产犊间隔/d CI	19 679	389.10	61.74	262	852	15.86

效应 Effect	水平 Level	数据量 N	持续时间/h DFE	产犊至首次发情间隔/d ICE	发情指数/au HIE
胎次 Parity	1	12 343	45.95±0.08^a	49.42±0.18^a	80.07±0.14^b
	2	9 964	45.64±0.09^b	43.79±0.20^d	80.77±0.16^a
	3	6 828	45.32±0.11^c	44.87±0.23^c	79.59±0.18^b
	≥4	5 701	45.12±0.12^cd	45.74±0.24^b	78.15±0.20^c
首次配种日龄 AFS	275~405	7 691	45.65±0.09	46.20±0.18^a	79.82±0.15^a
	406~415	4 406	45.55±0.11	45.54±0.22^b	79.97±0.18^a
	416~425	4 060	45.46±0.12	45.50±0.25^b	79.56±0.20^ab
	426~786	5 426	45.36±0.10	46.57±0.21^a	79.24±0.17^bc
昼夜 Day-and-night	白天	15 828	46.32±0.08^a	46.72±0.17^a	79.45±0.14^b
昼夜 Day-and-night	夜间	19 008	44.70±0.08^b	45.19±0.16^b	79.84±0.13^a

性状 Trait	持续时间 DFE	产犊至首次发情间隔 ICE	发情指数 HIE
持续时间DFE	0.139±0.008	-0.067±0.107	0.722±0.095^*
产犊至首次发情间隔ICE	0.153±0.005^*	0.030±0.007	-0.335±0.094^*
发情指数HIE	0.545±0.004^*	0.179±0.005^*	0.043±0.008

性状 Trait	持续时间 DFE	产犊至首次发情间隔 ICE	发情指数 HIE
首次配种受胎率CR	0.766±0.262^*	-0.327±0.075^*	0.580±0.193^*
首末次配种间隔IFL	0.013±0.583	0.118±0.168	-0.642±0.298^*
产犊间隔CI	-0.124±0.065	0.188±0.042^*	-0.146±0.068^*

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荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for First Estrus Expression Traits in Holstein Cattle

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