畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 206-220.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.018

• 遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅胸肌组织形态学及转录组比较分析

谢泽婷, 侯晓韵(), 詹胤锴, 林随源, 朱溥睿, 郭诗琦, 秦双, 罗阳冰, 李秀金, 黄运茂, 伍仲平(), 张续勐()   

  1. 仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院,广州 510225
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2026-01-23 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 伍仲平,张续勐 E-mail:hxy_2005129@qq.com;wuzhongping@zhku.edu.cn;zhangxumeng@zhku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:谢泽婷与侯晓韵为同等贡献作者
    侯晓韵,本科生,主要从事动物遗传育种研究,E-mail:hxy_2005129@qq.com
    第一联系人:谢泽婷,本科生,主要从事动物遗传育种研究,E-mail:471964268@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2023-XDY-00-001);广东省省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-XPY-00-011);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202511347257);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202511347234);2024年度广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目(2024ZDJS004)

Comparative Analysis of Histomorphology and Transcriptome in Pectoral Muscle Tissues between Shitou and Wuzong Geese

XIE Zeting, HOU Xiaoyun(), ZHAN Yinkai, LIN Suiyuan, ZHU Purui, GUO Shiqi, QIN Shuang, LUO Yangbing, LI Xiujin, HUANG Yunmao, WU Zhongping(), ZHANG Xumeng()   

  1. College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Online:2026-01-23 Published:2026-01-26
  • Contact: WU Zhongping, ZHANG Xumeng E-mail:hxy_2005129@qq.com;wuzhongping@zhku.edu.cn;zhangxumeng@zhku.edu.cn

摘要:

旨在对比狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅在40和90日龄时,其胸肌肌纤维形态和转录组的差异,挖掘导致不同日龄、不同鹅种胸肌生长差异的候选基因。本研究随机选取同批次健康的40、90日龄的狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅公鹅各3只,采集胸肌组织,利用H&E染色分析肌纤维形态差异,结合转录组测序筛选出与肌肉生长相关的差异表达基因(DEGs),并采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)验证关键候选基因。H&E染色结果发现,40日龄时,狮头鹅的胸肌肌纤维密度极显著高于乌鬃鹅(P<0.001),胸肌肌纤维直径极显著低于乌鬃鹅(P<0.001),而90日龄时,狮头鹅的胸肌肌纤维密度显著低于乌鬃鹅(P<0.05),胸肌纤维直径无显著差异(P>0.05)。胸肌转录组测序共筛选出DEGs 5 719个,不同日龄同一鹅种间的DEGs 3 907个,同一日龄不同鹅种间的DEGs 1 812个。对胸肌DEGs进行KEGG通路富集分析发现,ECM-受体相互作用、细胞黏附分子和黏着斑等6个通路在不同日龄同一鹅种间胸肌生长中发挥关键调控作用,细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用和细胞黏附分子通路在同一日龄不同鹅种间胸肌生长中发挥关键调控作用,并从中筛选出8个与胸肌生长发育密切相关的候选基因,分别是COL4A2、ITGB3、CAV1、CCND2、MYLK2、PDGFRAACTN2和TNNC2。通过对上述基因进行RT-qPCR验证,发现其结果与转录组测序结果相关系数均在0.90以上,说明测序结果可靠。综上,本研究发现,不同日龄及品种间的肌纤维形态差异显著,黏着斑通路、ECM-受体相互作用和细胞黏附分子等通路可通过调控COL4A2、ITGB3和CAV1等8个候选基因表达介导两品种胸肌肌纤维的肥大过程。本研究将为肉鹅分子标记辅助育种提供数据基础,进而推动肉鹅遗传改良和新品种培育。

关键词: 狮头鹅, 乌鬃鹅, 胸肌, 肌肉生长, 差异表达基因

Abstract:

This study aimed to compare the morphological characteristics of pectoral muscle myofibers and transcriptomic profiles between Shitou geese and Wuzong geese at 40- and 90-day-old stages, and to identify candidate genes underlying divergent breast muscle growth across breeds and ages. A total of 3 male Shitou geese and 3 male Wuzong geese from the same batch were randomly selected at 40 and 90 days of age. Pectoral muscle tissues were collected for morphological analysis of muscle fibers using H&E staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, and key candidate genes were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). H&E staining results revealed that at 40 days of age, the density of pectoral muscle fibers in Shitou geese was significantly higher than that in Wuzong geese (P<0.001), while the diameter of pectoral muscle fibers was significantly smaller (P<0.001). At 90 days of age, however, the density of pectoral muscle fibers in Shitou geese was significantly lower than that in Wuzong geese (P<0.05), and no significant difference was observed in pectoral muscle fiber diameter between the two breeds (P>0.05). Transcriptome sequencing of pectoral muscle identified 5 719 DEGs in total, including 3 907 DEGs between different ages within the same breed and 1 812 DEGs between the two breeds at the same age. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, and focal adhesion critically regulated pectoral muscle growth across ages within breeds. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and cell adhesion molecule pathways were key regulators of growth differences between breeds at the same age. Eight candidate genes (COL4A2, ITGB3, CAV1, CCND2, MYLK2, PDGFRAACTN2, and TNNC2) closely associated with pectoral muscle development were identified. RT-qPCR validation confirmed high correlation (r>0.90) with transcriptome data, supporting the reliability of sequencing results. In summary, this study revealed significant variations in myofiber morphology across developmental stages and between Shitou and Wuzong goose breeds. Key pathways including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules were found to mediate pectoral muscle myofibre hypertrophy through regulating the expression of candidate genes (e.g., COL4A2, ITGB3, CAV1, etc.). These findings establish a theoretical foundation for molecular marker-assisted breeding in meat geese, accelerating genetic improvement programs and new breed development.

Key words: Shitou goose, Wuzong goose, pectoral muscles, muscle growth, differentially expressed genes

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