基于转录组测序挖掘影响獭兔和伊高乐肉兔杂交后代粗毛率关键基因的研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究獭兔与伊高乐肉兔杂交后代毛皮品质的差异及其影响粗毛率的潜在分子机制，以期为杂交兔毛皮品质研究提供参考。本研究选用獭兔和伊高乐肉兔杂交产生的12只165日龄的F2代兔，测定被毛长度、被毛细度及粗毛率等毛皮品质指标。随后依据粗毛率统计结果，挑选10只母兔开展皮肤组织转录组测序分析。其中，粗毛率≥10% 的5只归为高粗毛率组，粗毛率<10%的5只归为低粗毛率组。比较两组样本之间的差异表达基因，并对其进行功能富集分析和蛋白互作网络构建；采用荧光定量PCR技术对测序结果准确性进行验证。研究结果显示，獭兔与伊高乐肉兔杂交所获得的F2代兔中，粗毛率与被毛长度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与被毛细度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与其他指标相关性不显著（P>0.05）。在粗毛率高低组间共鉴定出281个差异表达基因，这些基因在GO功能注释中显著富集于药物转运、成肌细胞增殖调控、收缩纤维、糖胺聚糖结合等功能条目，在KEGG通路分析中显著富集于糖酵解/糖异生、类固醇激素生物合成、运动蛋白及PPAR信号通路等重要生物学过程。构建差异蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络，获得4个候选基因，分别是FGF7、MMP3、MMP13及FOXP3。RT-qPCR结果显示5个DEGs表达趋势与RNA-seq结果基本一致。以上结果提示，FGF7、MMP3、MMP13及FOXP3基因可能是影响粗毛率性状的重要候选基因。本研究为獭兔与伊高乐肉兔杂交后代的皮毛品质评价提供了数据支持，同时也为杂交品种毛皮性状的改良提供了借鉴。

关键词: 獭兔, 伊高乐肉兔, 杂交后代, 毛皮品质, 粗毛率, RNA-seq

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the differences in fur quality and the potential molecular mechanisms influencing the coarse hair percentage of hybrid offspring of Rex rabbits and Hycole meat rabbits， in order to provide a reference for research on fur quality of hybrid rabbits. Twelve 165-day-old F2-generation rabbits produced by crossing Rex rabbits and Hycole meat rabbits were selected. Fur quality indicators， including hair length， hair fineness， and coarse hair percentage， were measured. Based on the statistical result of coarse hair percentage， 10 female rabbits were further selected for transcriptomic sequencing of skin tissues. Among them， 5 individuals with coarse hair percentage ≥ 10% were classified as the high coarse hair percentage group， and 5 with coarse hair percentage <10% were classified as the low coarse hair percentage group. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） between the two groups were compared， followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network construction. The accuracy of the sequencing results was verified using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that in the F2 hybrid rabbits， coarse hair percentage was extremely significantly positively correlated with hair length （P<0.01） and significantly positively correlated with hair fineness （P<0.05）， but not significantly correlated with other indicators （P>0.05）. A total of 281 DEGs were identified between the high and low coarse hair percentage groups. Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis revealed these genes were significantly enriched in functional terms such as drug transport， regulation of myoblast proliferation， contractile fiber， and glycosaminoglycan binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in important biological processes including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis， steroid hormone biosynthesis， motor proteins， and the PPAR signaling pathway. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of the differentially expressed proteins was constructed， and 4 candidate genes were identified （FGF7， MMP3， MMP13and FOXP3）. RT-qPCR results confirmed that the expression trends of these 5 DEGs were largely consistent with the RNA-seq data. These results suggest that the FGF7， MMP3， MMP13and FOXP3 genes may be important candidate genes influencing the coarse hair percentage trait. This study provides data support for evaluating the fur quality of hybrid offspring between Rex and Hycole meat rabbits and offers insights for improving fur traits in hybrid breeds.

Key words: Rex rabbit, Hycole meat rabbits, hybrid offspring, fur quality, coarse hair percentage, RNA-seq

中图分类号:

S829.1

杜宝宝, 杨孟哲, 孙秀柱, 任战军, 王淑辉. 基于转录组测序挖掘影响獭兔和伊高乐肉兔杂交后代粗毛率关键基因的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 221-233.

DU Baobao, YANG Mengzhe, SUN Xiuzhu, REN Zhanjun, WANG Shuhui. Elucidating Key Genes Affecting Coarse Hair Percentage in Rex and Hycole Meat Rabbit Hybrid Offspring via Transcriptome Sequencing[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 221-233.

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基因 Gene	引物序列（5′→3′） Primer sequence	产物长度/bp Product size
GAPDH	F： TCGTCTCCTGCGACTTCAAC R： ACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAAA	130
FOXP3	F：TTCCGAAACCACCCTGCTAC R：AACTCATCCACGGTCCACAC	113
CENPE	F：AACAGTGGGAGCATGACCTG R：ATGGGTGTCAGATGCCAAGG	98
MMP13	F：TCACGCTTTTCCTCCTGGAC R：CAAGCCCTAAGGAATGGCCA	134
MMP3	F：CCACTCCCTGGGTCTGTTTC R：GCCGGTCCATAGAGGGATTG	135
FGF7	F：GCCCTGAGCGACATACAAGA R：CCAACTGCCACAGTCCTGAT	175

性状 Trait	最小值 Minimumvalue	最大值 Maximumvalue	中位数 Median	平均值±标准差 Mean±Standard error	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation
被毛长度/cm Hair length	1.71	2.76	2.33	2.33±0.32	13.53
皮张鲜重/g Fresh pelt weight	195.00	490.00	365.50	374.00±80.42	21.50
皮板厚度/mm Dermis thickness	2.00	3.34	2.48	2.63±0.41	15.75
皮张长度/cm Pelt length	32.10	42.10	37.55	37.31±2.70	7.24
皮张宽度/cm Pelt width	21.90	28.00	26.05	25.53±1.92	7.51
皮张面积/cm² Pelt area	702.99	1 092.00	974.36	953.38±106.32	11.15
被毛细度/μm Hair fineness	16.54	32.46	20.21	21.95±5.02	22.85
初级毛囊密度/（个·mm^-2） Primary hair follicle density	3.00	6.00	3.84	4.17±0.97	23.25
次级毛囊密度/（个·mm^-2） Secondary hair follicle density	82.67	146.00	108.84	110.94±19.02	17.15
S/P值 S/P ratio	18.31	38.55	27.49	27.73±6.91	24.92
粗毛率/% Coarse hair percentage	3.00	14.00	12.00	9.17±4.30	46.94

样本名称 Sample name	原始读段 Raw reads	原始碱基数/G Raw bases	过滤读段 Clean reads	过滤碱基数/G Clean bases	测序错误率 Error rate	Q20	Q30	GC pct
C1	467 94 086	7.02	43 611 690	6.54	0.01	98.98	97.20	55.97
C2	46 771 506	7.02	44 099 066	6.61	0.01	98.83	96.84	54.02
C3	42 685 678	6.40	39 925 176	5.99	0.01	98.74	96.67	55.97
C4	53 288 656	7.99	48 225 400	7.23	0.01	98.68	96.55	55.19
C5	44 297 634	6.64	41 113 674	6.17	0.01	98.84	96.92	52.28
X1	46 946 412	7.04	44 517 474	6.68	0.01	98.82	96.87	54.52
X2	45 152 604	6.77	42 733 180	6.41	0.01	98.77	96.72	55.10
X3	50 136 554	7.52	50 006 982	7.50	0.01	98.74	96.67	56.81
X4	47 641 854	7.15	47 552 784	7.13	0.01	98.78	96.74	55.54
X5	52 115 464	7.82	48 179 530	7.23	0.01	98.79	96.80	54.01

项目 Item	粗毛率高组 CH	粗毛率低组 CL	P值 P-value
被毛长度/cm Hair length	2.51±0.22	2.08±0.26	0.023^*
被毛细度/μm Hair fineness	26.99±3.39	18.52±1.46	0.001^**
皮张鲜重/g Fresh pelt weight	415.20±62.14	349.20±99.86	0.245
皮板厚度/mm Dermis thickness	2.64±0.46	2.54±0.32	0.702
皮张长度/cm Pelt length	37.00±2.36	36.92±2.84	0.963
皮张宽度/cm Pelt width	26.18±1.87	25.04±1.97	0.376
皮张面积/cm² Pelt area	969.71±105.62	928.66±136.42	0.610
粗毛率/% Coarse hair percentage	12.80±0.84	4.40±1.14	0.000^**