广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸维持需要量研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.023

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 5590-5601.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.023

广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸维持需要量研究

赵少猛¹(), 董瑞玲², 刘大伟³, 营凡³, 李森³, 赵桂苹¹, 张敏红¹, 文杰¹^,*(), 冯京海¹^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
2. 山西农业大学动物科学学院, 太谷 030801
3. 佛山市高明区新广农牧有限公司, 佛山 528000

收稿日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2024-12-23 发布日期:2024-12-27
通讯作者: 文杰,冯京海 E-mail:zhaoshaomeng1023@163.com;wenjie@cass.cn;fengjinghai@caas.cn
作者简介:赵少猛(1999-), 男, 河北衡水人, 硕士生, 主要从事动物营养研究, E-mail: zhaoshaomeng1023@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300404);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-41);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

The Maintenance Requirements for Essential Amino Acids of Guangming No.2 Broilers

ZHAO Shaomeng¹(), DONG Ruiling², LIU Dawei³, YING Fan³, LI Sen³, ZHAO Guiping¹, ZHANG Minhong¹, WEN Jie¹^,*(), FENG Jinghai¹^,*()

1. Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
3. Foshan Gaoming District Xinguang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Foshan 528000, China

Received:2024-02-27 Online:2024-12-23 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: WEN Jie, FENG Jinghai E-mail:zhaoshaomeng1023@163.com;wenjie@cass.cn;fengjinghai@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸的维持需要量，为建立氨基酸需要量预测模型提供基础。本研究由2个部分试验组成。试验1在12~15日龄和31~34日龄2个阶段，分别选择广明2号公鸡、母鸡各12只，以性别为处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复2只鸡，每个重复饲养于1个代谢笼中。饲喂无氮日粮，分别收集肉鸡的排泄物和脱落的羽毛皮屑，计算肉鸡内源氮和毛屑脱落氮的比例。试验2在上述2个阶段分别选择体重(BW)接近的公、母鸡各48只，随机分为4个处理组，每个处理组12只，公母分开饲养于6个代谢笼中。4个处理组分别强饲粗蛋白质含量不同的代谢日粮，收集肉鸡的排泄物(包括脱落的毛屑)，计算肉鸡的氮沉积量(氮摄入量减去氮排出量)；通过建立氮摄入量和氮沉积量的线性回归方程，计算出肉鸡蛋白质的维持需要量；根据内源氮和毛屑氮的比例，计算出肉鸡内源蛋白质和毛屑蛋白质的维持需要量；再根据成年鸡内源氮中必需氨基酸的含量(参考前人数据)和脱落毛屑中氨基酸的含量(实际测定)，计算出内源氨基酸和毛屑氨基酸的维持需要量，两者之和为广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸的维持需要量。试验1发现，广明2号肉鸡每日氮损失主要源于毛屑脱落，毛屑脱落氮占氮损失量的55.9%~65.1%，日龄和性别对毛屑脱落氮的占比存在显著的交互作用(P < 0.001)，前期公鸡毛屑脱落氮的占比显著低于母鸡，后期显著高于母鸡(P < 0.05)。试验2发现，随着代谢日粮中蛋白含量的增加，氮的摄入量、排泄量和沉积量均显著增加(P < 0.001)。分别建立不同阶段公、母鸡氮摄入量和沉积量的线性回归方程，回归模型均达到显著水平(P < 0.001)，决定系数大于0.96。根据回归方程计算出广明2号肉鸡蛋白质的维持需要量，12~15日龄公鸡和母鸡分别为每日2.36和3.16 g/kg BW^0.75，日粮蛋白质的沉积效率为65.55%和58.73%；31~34日龄公鸡和母鸡分别为每日2.96和2.56 g/kg BW^0.75，日粮蛋白的沉积效率为79.42%和73.95%。最终根据肉鸡内源氮和毛屑脱落氮的比例，以及内源必需氨基酸和毛屑氨基酸的组成模式，计算出广明2号肉鸡内源氨基酸和毛屑氨基酸的维持需要量。本研究采用改进的方法测定了广明2号肉鸡内源必需氨基酸和毛屑氨基酸的维持需要量，为建立氨基酸需要量预测模型提供了基础。本研究测定的结果与比较屠宰法测定的成年鸡氨基酸维持需要量接近，表明本方法相较原有方法更为合理。

关键词: 广明2号肉鸡, 生长阶段, 性别, 必需氨基酸维持需要量

Abstract:

The study aimed to estimate the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids of Guangming No. 2 broilers, and to provide a basis for the establishment of a prediction model of amino acid requirement. In trial 1, 12 Guangming No. 2 male and female were selected at 12 to 15 days of age and 31 to 34 days of age, respectively, with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 chickens per replicate. Each replicate was fed in a metabolic cage. The broilers were fed a nitrogen-free diet, and the excreta and shed feather dander of broilers were collected separately, and the ratio of endogenous nitrogen to shed dander nitrogen was calculated. In trial 2, 48 male and 48 female broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (12 broilers in each treatment group), and male and female broilers were fed separately in 6 metabolic cages. The four treatment groups were fed metabolic diets with different protein contents, and the excreta (including shed dander) of broilers were collected. Nitrogen deposition (nitrogen intake minus nitrogen expulsion) was calculated, a linear regression equation of nitrogen intake and nitrogen deposition was established to calculate the protein maintenance requirement of broilers. The maintenance requirement of endogenous protein and dander protein was calculated according to the ratio of endogenous nitrogen and shed dander nitrogen, and multiplied respectively by the composition of essential amino acids in endogenous protein (referring to previous data) and in shed dander protein (actual measurement) to calculate the maintenance requirements of endogenous amino acids and dander amino acids, and the sum of the two was the maintenance requirement of essential amino acids of Guangming No. 2 broilers. Experimental 1 showed that the daily nitrogen loss of Guangming No. 2 broiler was mainly due to dander shedding, which accounted for 55.9%~65.1%. There was a significant interaction between age and sex on the proportion of shed dander nitrogen to total nitrogen loss (P < 0.001), the proportion of shed dander nitrogen of male broiler was significantly lower than that of females in the early stage, but significantly higher than that of females in the later stage (P < 0.05). The second experiment showed that the intake, excretion and deposition of nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of protein content in metabolic diets (P < 0.001). The linear regression equations of nitrogen intake and deposition of male and female broilers were established in the two stages. The regression models were significant (P < 0.001), and the coefficient of determination were greater than 0.96. According to the regression equation, the protein maintenance requirements of Guangming No. 2 broilers were calculated, 2.36 and 3.16 g/kg BW^0.75 for male and female broilers at 12~15 days old per day, 2.96 and 2.56 g/kg BW^0.75 for male and female broilers at 31~34 days old per day. The utilization efficiency of dietary protein was 65.55% and 58.73% for 12~15 days old male and female broilers, 79.42% and 73.95% for 31~34 days old male and female broilers. According to the ratio of endogenous nitrogen and shed dander nitrogen obtained from experiment 1, the maintenance requirements of endogenous protein and dander protein in Guangming No. 2 broilers at different stages were calculated. Then, according to the composition of essential amino acids in endogenous protein and dander protein, the maintenance requirements of endogenous amino acids and dander amino acids were calculated. In this study, an improved method was used to estimate the maintenance requirements of endogenous essential amino acids and dander amino acids in Guangming No. 2 broilers, which provided a basis for the establishment of a prediction model of amino acid requirements. The estimated results of this study were close to those of adult chickens measured by the comparative slaughtering method, indicating that the proposed method was more reasonable than the original method.

Key words: Guangming No. 2 broiler, growth stage, gender, maintenance requirements for essential amino acid

中图分类号:

S831.41

赵少猛, 董瑞玲, 刘大伟, 营凡, 李森, 赵桂苹, 张敏红, 文杰, 冯京海. 广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸维持需要量研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5590-5601.

ZHAO Shaomeng, DONG Ruiling, LIU Dawei, YING Fan, LI Sen, ZHAO Guiping, ZHANG Minhong, WEN Jie, FENG Jinghai. The Maintenance Requirements for Essential Amino Acids of Guangming No.2 Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5590-5601.

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项目Item	无氮日粮 Nitrogen free diet		基础日粮 Basic diet
项目Item	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age	31~34日龄 31-34 days of age	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age	31~34日龄 31-34 days of age
原料组成Ingredients
玉米Corn	-	-	41.92	36.91
豆粕Soybean meal	-	-	43.80	48.23
玉米淀粉Corn starch	58.89	57.50	-	-
蔗糖Saccharose	30.00	30.00	-	-
纤维素Cellulose	4.20	4.50	-	-
大豆油Soybean oil	2.70	4.20	9.40	10.30
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	2.56	2.28	1.80	1.64
石粉Limestone	0.84	0.77	0.96	0.91
食盐NaCl	0.40	0.35	0.40	0.40
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	-	-	0.18	0.18
L-赖氨酸L-Lys	-	-	0.10	0.10
L-苏氨酸L-Thr	-	-	0.03	0.03
胆碱Choline	0.32	0.31	0.32	0.31
预混料Premix¹	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09
氧化铁Iron oxide	-	-	1.00	1.00
合计Total	100	100	100	100
营养水平Nutrients
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	13.61	14.06	13.61	14.06
粗蛋白质CP²	-	-	22.60	20.46
钙Ca	0.91	0.82	0.91	0.82
非植酸磷NP	0.46	0.41	0.46	0.41
赖氨酸Lys	-	-	1.35	1.21
蛋氨酸Met	-	-	0.54	0.49
蛋+半胱氨酸Met + Cys	-	-	0.98	0.89
苏氨酸Thr	-	-	0.92	0.82

项目Item	12~15日龄 12-15 days old		31~34日龄 31-34 days old		SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	SEM	性别 Sex	日龄 Age	性别日龄 SexAge
内源氮损失量eNL	0.061	0.064	0.080	0.076	0.002	0.907	< 0.001	0.121
脱落氮损失量sdNL	0.077^d	0.099^c	0.148^a	0.112^b	0.002	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001
总氮损失量TNL	0.138^d	0.163^c	0.228^a	0.189^b	0.002	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001
内源氮的占比e/T	44.1%^a	39.2%^c	34.9%^d	40.3%^b	0.011	0.806	0.002	< 0.001
脱落氮的占比sd/T	55.9%^d	60.8%^b	65.1%^a	59.7%^c	0.011	0.806	0.002	< 0.001

项目 Item	平均体重/g BW	饲喂量/g ADFI	氮摄入量/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Ni	氮排泄/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Nex	氮沉积量/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Nd
12~15日龄公鸡12-15 days old male chicken
40% G	410.92^b	15.20	0.44^d	0.39^d	0.05^d
60% G	413.33^b	15.21	0.63^c	0.47^c	0.16^c
80% G	413.75^b	15.22	0.90^b	0.58^b	0.32^b
100% G	416.33^a	15.25	1.21^a	0.65^a	0.56^a
SEM	0.829	0.171	0.010	0.021	0.020
P值 P-value	0.008	0.655	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
12~15日龄母鸡12-15 days of age female chicken
40% G	405.57^d	14.83	0.43^d	0.49^c	-0.06^d
60% G	407.67^c	15.20	0.62^c	0.52^c	0.10^c
80% G	409.75^b	15.22	0.89^b	0.68^b	0.21^b
100% G	415.50^a	15.25	1.19^a	0.79^a	0.40^a
SEM	0.659	0.171	0.008	0.018	0.018
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.08	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
31~34日龄公鸡31-34 days old male chicken
40% G	2 011.83^b	40.19	0.35^d	0.44^c	-0.08^d
60% G	2 037.17^b	40.19	0.50c	0.49^b	0.07^c
80% G	2 032.33^b	40.17	0.72^b	0.52^a	0.20^b
100% G	2 125.50^a	40.15	0.93^a	0.56^a	0.37^a
SEM	0.013	0.013	0.003	0.006	0.006
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.060	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
31~34日龄母鸡31-34 days old female chicken
40% G	1 819.00^b	40.19	0.42^d	0.40^d	0.02^d
60% G	1 812.33^b	40.19	0.61^c	0.48^c	0.13^c
80% G	1 822.33^b	40.19	0.87^b	0.54^b	0.33^b
100% G	1 849.67^a	40.17	1.16^a	0.60^a	0.56^a
SEM	0.013	0.013	0.003	0.006	0.006
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.770	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

项目 Item	12~15日龄 12-15 d old		31~34日龄 31-34 d old
项目 Item	公鸡Male	母鸡Female	公鸡Male	母鸡Female
总蛋白质Total protein	2.36	3.16	2.96	2.56
内源蛋白¹ Endogenous protein	1.04	1.24	1.03	1.03
毛屑脱落蛋白² Shed protein	1.32	1.92	1.93	1.53
蛋白利用效率/% Protein utilization efficiency	65.55	58.73	79.42	73.95

项目Item	12~15日龄12-15 days of age		31~34日龄31-34 days of age
项目Item	公鸡 Male chicken	母鸡 Female chicken	公鸡 Male chicken	母鸡 Female chicken
赖氨酸Lys	4.44	4.45	4.83	4.63
蛋氨酸Met	1.42	1.43	1.63	1.59
半胱氨酸Cys	3.14	3.19	3.67	3.65
天冬氨酸Asp	7.49	7.53	7.69	7.64
苏氨酸Thr	4.25	4.25	4.53	4.52
丝氨酸Ser	6.42	6.43	6.74	6.75
谷氨酸Glu	10.17	10.25	10.41	10.43
甘氨酸Gly	7.07	7.10	7.82	7.78
丙氨酸Ala	5.13	5.17	5.43	5.37
缬氨酸Val	6.02	6.10	6.33	6.31
异亮氨酸Ile	4.53	4.54	4.63	4.65
亮氨酸Leu	5.43	5.46	5.79	5.79
酪氨酸Tyr	2.89	2.92	3.18	3.17
苯丙氨酸Phe	3.99	4.02	4.19	4.17
组氨酸His	1.63	1.63	2.06	2.08
精氨酸Arg	6.22	6.25	6.84	6.84
脯氨酸Pro	7.30	7.34	7.56	7.59

广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸维持需要量研究

The Maintenance Requirements for Essential Amino Acids of Guangming No.2 Broilers

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参考文献 31

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氨基酸 Amino acid	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸 Met	苏氨酸 Thr	甘氨酸 Gly	缬氨酸 Val	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	色氨酸 Trp	苯丙氨酸 Phe	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg
含量Content	1.82	4.79	3.80	8.91	4.79	3.47	3.63	0.83	8.09	0.99	8.25

数据来源 Data source	品种 Breed	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸 Met	苏氨酸 Thr	甘氨酸 Gly	缬氨酸 Val	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	苯丙氨酸 Phe	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg
Sakomura等^[5]	肉种鸡 Broiler breeders	81	60	133	-	154	93	51	125	-	173
Dorigam等^[7]	5周龄广明2号肉鸡 Guangming No. 2	89.5	73.8	108	211	146	107	126	147	42.0	190
杨志刚^[19] YANG Z G	5周龄广明2号肉鸡 Guangming No. 2	84.4	28.3	89.7	168	119	83.8	108	74.7	82.6	135
杨志刚^[19] YANG Z G	AA肉鸡 AA broilers	53.0	19.9	54.4	107	70.1	48.0	85.9	49.0	62.2	79.7

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氨基酸 Amino acid	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age		31~34日龄 31-34 days of age
氨基酸 Amino acid	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female
赖氨酸Lys	77.65	108.06	111.70	89.50
蛋氨酸Met	68.62	86.90	80.67	73.76
苏氨酸Thr	95.72	128.80	126.30	108.24
甘氨酸Gly	186.44	247.28	242.45	210.81
缬氨酸Val	129.47	176.71	171.06	145.82
异亮氨酸Ile	95.98	130.42	124.84	106.87
亮氨酸Leu	109.72	150.16	148.88	125.96
苯丙氨酸Phe	137.10	177.67	164.04	147.25
组氨酸His	31.94	43.73	49.78	41.98
精氨酸Arg	168.30	222.59	216.78	189.67