基于基因组和系谱信息的不同选配方案效果模拟研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因组选配（genomic mating，GM）是利用基因组信息进行优化的选种选配，可以有效控制群体近交水平的同时实现最大化的遗传进展。但基因组选配是对群体中所有个体进行选配，这与实际的育种工作有点相悖。本研究模拟了遗传力为0.5的9 000头个体的基础群数据，每个世代根据GEBV选择30头公畜、900头母畜作为种用个体，而后使用基因组选配、同质选配、异质选配、随机交配4种不同的选配方案。其中基因组选配中分别选取遗传进展最大的解、家系间方差最大的解、近交最小的解所对应的交配方案进行选育。每种方案选育5个世代，比较其后代群体的平均GEBV、每世代的遗传进展、近交系数、遗传方差，并重复5次取平均值。结果表明，3种基因组选配方案的ΔG均显著高于随机交配和异质选配（P<0.01），而且，选取遗传进展最大的基因组选配方案的ΔG比同质选配还高出4.3%。3种基因组选配的方案的ΔF比同质选配低22.2%~94.1%，而且选取近交最小的基因组选配方案ΔF比异质选配低11.8%。同质选配的遗传方差迅速降低，在第5世代显著低于除基因组选配中选择遗传进展最大的方案以外的所有方案（P<0.05），3种基因组选配方案的遗传方差比同质选配高10.8%~32.2%。这表明基因组选配不仅可以获得比同质选配更高的遗传进展，同时有效的降低了近交水平，并且减缓了遗传方差降低速度，保证了一定的遗传变异。基因组选配作为一种有效的可持续育种方法，在畜禽育种中开展十分有必要。

关键词: 模拟数据, 基因组选择, 基因组选配, 遗传进展, 近交

Abstract: Genomic mating (GM) is the optimized selection and matching using genomic information, which can effectively control the level of population inbreeding and maximize genetic gain. Genomic mating is based on all individuals in the population, which is a little contrary to the actual breeding work. This study simulated the basic group data of 9 000 individuals with a heritability of 0.5. According to GEBV, 30 sire and 900 dam were selected for each generation as breeding individuals, and then 4 different mating schemes were used:genomic mating, positive assortative mating, negative assortative mating and random mating. Among them, 3 different schemes were given in genomic mating, namely, the maximum genetic gain, the minimum inbreeding, and the maximum variance between families. Five generations were breeding for each scheme, and the average GEBV, genetic gain, inbreeding coefficient, and genetic variance of the offspring population were compared, and the average was taken for 5 times. The ΔG of the 3 genomic mating schemes were significantly higher than those of random mating and positive assortative mating (P<0.01). The ΔG of the genomic mating scheme with the maximum genetic gain was 4.3% higher than that of positive assortative mating. The ΔF of the 3 genomic mating schemes of were 22.2%-94.1% lower than those of positive assortative mating. Among them, the ΔF of the minimum inbreeding scheme selected in genomic mating was 11.8% lower than that of negative assortative mating. The genetic variance of positive assortative mating decreased rapidly and was significantly lower in the 5th generation than all schemes except the scheme that selected the maximum genetic gain in genomic mating (P<0.05). The genetic variance of the 3 schemes of genomic mating was 10.8%-32.2% higher than that of positive assortative mating. The result indicate that genomic mating can not only obtain higher genetic gain than positive assortative mating, but also effectively reduce the rate of inbreeding, and slow down the rate of genetic variance reduction to ensure a certain genetic variation. As an effective sustainable breeding method, genomic mating is very necessary in livestock and poultry breeding.

Key words: simulation data, genomic selection, genomic mating, genetic gain, inbreeding

中图分类号:

S813

张鹏飞, 何俊, 王立贤, 赵福平. 基于基因组和系谱信息的不同选配方案效果模拟研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(10): 3448-3458.

ZHANG Pengfei, HE Jun, WANG Lixian, ZHAO Fuping. Simulation Study on the Effects of Different Mating Schemes Based on Genomic and Pedigree Information[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(10): 3448-3458.

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