系统分析多组织转录组鉴定影响猪脂肪沉积的关键基因

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在挖掘影响松辽黑猪脂肪沉积的关键基因及脂肪、肝和肌肉在体内的功能。本研究选择体重100 kg左右健康且背膘厚差异显著的6头(高、低各3头)松辽黑猪为试验动物，利用高通量转录组测序技术检测其脂肪、肝和背最长肌组织中基因的表达水平，鉴定不同脂肪沉积猪和不同组织中的差异表达基因，并分析差异表达基因的生物学功能。结果表明，在不同分组的猪中发现135个差异表达基因，其中部分参与了PPAR信号通路、AMPK信号通路、代谢通路、脂肪酸代谢和甘油代谢等通路。经生物学功能分析发现，EHHADH、ME1、SCD、OLR1、PHGDH、ACLY、LEP和CYP超家族基因等基因为影响猪脂肪沉积的关键基因。在不同组织的差异表达表达基因中，脂肪组织中高表达的基因显著富集在胰岛素信号通路、MAPK信号通路、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化等通路；肝中高表达基因显著富集在多种物质的代谢、脂肪酸的降解、氨基酸的合成等通路；背最长肌中高表达的基因主要参与了蛋白质的降解、PI3K-Akt信号通路、氧化磷酸化通路、Wnt信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇信号通路等通路。不同组间差异表达基因分析结果提示，EHHADH、ME1、SCD、OLR1、PHGDH、ACLY、LEP和CYP超家族基因等基因是影响脂肪沉积的关键基因；不同组织间差异表达基因表明，脂肪组织是脂肪合成的主要部位，而肝和肌肉组织主要涉及脂肪酸的降解。本研究结果对脂肪性状的遗传改良、机理解析有一定意义。

关键词: 松辽黑猪, 多组织, 转录组, 系统分析, 脂肪沉积

Abstract: This study aimed to identify key genes affecting fat deposition and explore the function of adipose tissue, liver and muscle in Songliao black pigs. In this study, 6 healthy Songliao black pigs with weight of about 100 kg and significant difference in backfat thickness (3 high and 3 low) were selected as experimental animals. The gene expression levels in fat, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle were detected by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, the differentially expressed genes in pigs with different fat deposition levels and different tissues were identified, and the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. The results showed that 135 differentially expressed genes were found in different groups of pigs, some of which were involved in PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, metabolic pathway, fatty acid metabolism and glycerol metabolism. The biological function analysis showed that EHHADH, ME1, SCD, OLR1, PHGDH, ACLY, LEP and CYP gene family were the key genes affecting pig fat deposition. Among the differentially expressed genes in different tissues, the highly expressed genes in adipose tissue were significantly enriched in insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, and so on; The highly expressed genes in the liver were significantly enriched in the metabolism of various substances, the degradation of fatty acids and the synthesis of amino acids; The highly expressed genes in longissimus dorsi muscle were mainly involved in protein degradation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. The analysis results of differentially expressed genes among different groups suggest that EHHADH, ME1, SCD, OLR1, PHGDH, ACLY, LEP and CYP gene family are the candidate genes affecting fat deposition; The differentially expressed genes between different tissues show that adipose tissue is the main site of adipogenesis, while liver and muscle tissue are mainly involved in the degradation of fatty acids. This study results has certain significance for genetic improvement and mechanism analysis of fat traits.

Key words: Songliao black pig, multi-tissue, transcriptome, system analysis, fat deposition

中图分类号:

S828.2

翟丽维, 赵延辉, 李文军, 邢凯, 王楚端. 系统分析多组织转录组鉴定影响猪脂肪沉积的关键基因[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(6): 1702-1711.

ZHAI Liwei, ZHAO Yanhui, LI Wenjun, XING Kai, WANG Chuduan. System Analysis of Multi Tissue Transcriptome to Identify Key Genes Affecting Porcine Fat Deposition[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6): 1702-1711.

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