CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家畜育种新材料创制中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列/CRISPR相关蛋白（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated，CRISPR/Cas）系统是最新一代能对细胞或生物体基因组进行精准编辑的基因工程技术，与前两代基因编辑技术ZFN和TALEN相比，CRISPR/Cas具有应用成本低、适用编辑范围广、打靶效率高、操作简单、可支持多位点操作等诸多优点。近年来，CRISPR/Cas系统尤其是Type II类、A型的CRISPR/Cas9系统已经作为最新一代基因编辑技术被广泛应用于提高家畜繁殖效率、生产性能、抗病性以及动物模型构建等研究中，并创制了一批基因编辑牛羊育种新材料。本文就其发展历程、技术改造和优化最新进展以及在家畜繁殖性状、生产性状和抗病性状等方面的研究应用进行综述，重点介绍了该系统在家畜育种学研究中已取得的最新进展，并就CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家畜育种应用中现存的问题及其应用前景进行简要论述。

关键词: 基因编辑, CRISPR/Cas9, 家畜育种新材料

Abstract: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) system is a genetic engineering technology that can precisely edit the genome of cells and organisms. Compared with the traditional ZFN and TALEN gene editing technologies，CRISPR/Cas has the advantages of slow cost, wide editing range, high target efficiency, simple operation and simultaneous support for multi-site operation. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system, especially the Type II and Type A CRISPR/Cas9 system, has been widely used as the latest generation of gene editing technology to improve the breeding efficiency, production performance, disease resistance and animal model construction of livestock, and created a batch of new genetically edited materials for cattle and sheep breeding. In this paper, we provide an overview of the development process, technological transformation, the latest progress in optimization of CRISPR/Cas, as well as research applications in livestock breeding traits, production traits and disease resistance traits, basic principles and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 system, and its latest applications and achievements in livestock breeding. The problems and application prospects of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system in livestock breeding are also discussed briefly.

Key words: gene editing, CRISPR/Cas9, livestock breeding new materials

中图分类号:

S813.1

王欢, 邹惠影, 朱化彬, 赵善江. CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家畜育种新材料创制中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(4): 851-861.

WANG Huan, ZOU Huiying, ZHU Huabin, ZHAO Shanjiang. Advances in Evaluation of Livestock Breeding New Materials by Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(4): 851-861.

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