piRNA的发生和相关蛋白的研究进展

Abstract

Abstract:

Small RNAs regulate gene expression at multi-level, such as chromosome construction, transcription, translation, RNA modification and stability. piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) mainly participates in the process of development of germ cells, scilence of transposon, formation of heterochromatin, DNA integrity of germ cells, and so on. It is significant to steady heredity of hereditary substance. As a novel small RNA, piRNA has received wide attention. Since piRNA was found in 2006, considerable inference, quest and verification about the biogenesis and function of piRNA have been carried out by researchers. Studies found that piRNA mainly distributed in the animal testes spermatogonial cells and ovarian oocytes, and there are also a small number of piRNAs in Drosophila ovarian somatic cells (follicle cells). piRNA is generated by different ways in germ cells and somatic cells. The way in somatic cells is relatively simpler than that in germ cells, the way in germ cells is mainly through the “ping-pong cycle”. In the “ping-pong cycle”, Piwi locate in the nucleus, Ago3 and Aub locate in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon imply the piRNA may generate and play function in different compartments. The 3′ end hypermethylation of piRNA is widespread, which is significant to the stability of piRNA, but not the necessary conditions to determine the length of of mature piRNAs. Known fuctions of piRNA-related proteins are important clues to predict the biogenesis and fuctions of piRNA. At present, some proteins related to piRNA biogenesis and function have been discovered. piRNA expression is limited to germline cells and its regulatory network is more complex than that of siRNA (small interference RNA) and miRNA (microRNA). The emergence of novel methodology and system speed up the research process of piRNA biogenesis and function. This article is a brief overview focusing on piRNA biogenesis, produce and function related proteins and research methods.

CLC Number:

S813.3
Q752

LIU Xue-qing, YANG Hao, WANG Jian-gang, CAO Bin-yun. Research Progress on the Biogenesis and Related Proteins of piRNA[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, doi: .

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Research Progress on the Biogenesis and Related Proteins of piRNA

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