固原黄牛遗传背景及其体尺指数、肉用指数分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.06.017

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify Guyuan cattle as relatively independent beef cattle genetic resources, further describe their growth and development rules, and provide certain theoretical basis for the identification and breeding of germplasm resources for meat of Guyuan cattle. The evolutionary history of Guyuan cattle was analyzed through historical documents and investigation. The whole genome genetic variation data of 337 individuals of 13 breeds including Guyuan cattle were detected through GGP Bovine 100K gene chip and downloaded from public databases, and the genetic background of Guyuan cattle was analyzed by multidimensional scaling analysis and adjacent phylogenetic tree. Taking the Red Angus×Guyuan crossbred cattle as the control population, the phenotypic data such as body weight, body size, backfat thickness and loin eye area of Guyuan cattle at different growth stages were measured and collected, with refe-rence to the phenotypic data of Qinchuan cattle and Mongolian cattle published in the Journal of Chinese Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources·Cattle, the population rule of relevant indicators of Guyuan cattle was excavated from the phenotypic description. The results showed that: 1) Guyuan cattle was a unique population with the same shape and appearance after long-term breeding due to the mutual influence of Guyuan native cattle with neighboring Mongolian cattle and Qinchuan cattle; 2) The genetic structure of existing Guyuan cattle population was close to the neighboring Qinchuan cattle and Jinnan cattle, and it was a relatively independent resource population. 3) Compared with heifer of Guyuan cattle, somatic index of adult cow of Guyuan cattle was increased by 9.57%; 4) After crossbreeding with Red Angus cattle, brassiere index and somatic index of adult cow of crossbred Guyuan cattle were respectively increased by 11.59% and 12.70%, body length index and brassiere index of bull of crossbred Guyuan cattle were respectively increased by 15.15% and 19.26%; 5) Beef-purpose index of adult cow of Guyuan cattle was 2.65±0.46, beef-purpose index of bull of Guyuan cattle was 2.87±0.35, and Guyuan cattle was draft cattle; 6) The backfat thickness of bull of Guyuan cattle was (5.29±1.41)mm, higher than the backfat thickness of bull of Mongolian cattle (4.00±1.00)mm; 7) The loin eye area of bull of Guyuan cattle was (62.17±8.51)cm², between the loin eye area of of Qinchuan cattle (79.80±9.70)cm² and Mongolian cattle (50.40±9.80)cm². Guyuan cattle is a new genetic resource of beef cattle, which has good germplasm characteristics for meat. However, its body size indexes and beef-purpose index have not reached the standard of specialized beef cattle. In the later stage, strengthen breeding and the stock breeding and genetic improvement of Guyuan cattle are needed to further develop its germplasm resource characteristics.

Key words: Guyuan cattle, genetic background, body size indexes, beef-purpose index, germplasm resources

CLC Number:

LIU Shuang, HE Lixia, MA Jun, FENG Xue, YANG Mengli, WANG Shuzhe, YANG Runjun, FANG Xibi, XIAN Hailong, WANG Yongkang, ZHANG Lupei, MA Yun. Analysis on Genetic Background and Body Size Indexes and Beef-purpose Index of Guyuan Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(6): 2376-2388.

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Analysis on Genetic Background and Body Size Indexes and Beef-purpose Index of Guyuan Cattle

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