铝的免疫毒性研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant metallic elements on Earth and is widely used in production and life due to its excellent properties. The accumulation of Al in the environment is gradually increasing, and Al pollution has become one of the major problems facing human society. The accumulation of Al in the body, resulting from long-term chronic Al intake, can damage many organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. Immunotoxicity is one of the most sensitive health effects of Al exposure and has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews the toxic effects of Al exposure on the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, lymph, and thymus, and summarizes the mechanisms of Al-induced immunotoxicity. The accumulation of Al in animals can damage immune organs, lead to apoptosis of immune cells, induce oxidative stress, trigger the expression of inflammatory factors, disrupt the metabolism of micronutrients, and suppress immune function. Pathological damage and oxidative stress induced by Al exposure are important pathological mechanisms of Al-induced immunosuppression, yet the molecular mechanisms of immunotoxicity are not yet systematically understood and require further exploration.

Key words: aluminum toxicity, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, histopathological, oxidative stress

CLC Number:

S859.8

CHEN Gengxu, XU Jinfeng, ZHANG Hongling, WANG Ben, YIN Baishuang, ZHU Yanzhu. Research Progress on Aluminum-induced Immunotoxicity[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 534-547.

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时间 Time	作者 Author	试验周期/d Trial period	动物种属 Animal species	剂量 Dosage	指标 Indicators
2019年	Omran Ghada A	48	大鼠	50、100、200 mg·kg^-1	脾脏重量明显相对增加
2018年	Kim Yong Soon	28	大鼠	0、0.2、1、5 mg·m^-3 Al₂O₃NPs	脾脏系数无明显改变
2014年	Luo Xue	60	昆明小鼠	100 mg·kg^-1 Al	显著降低体重和脾脏重量

时间 Time	作者 Author	试验周期/d Trial period	动物种属 Animal species	剂量 Dosage	指标 Indicators
2020年	De Arpita	5	小鼠	15、30或60 mg·kg^-1 Al₂O₃ NPs	脾脏没有发现显著的病理损伤
2020年	Gad EL-Hak Heba N.	14	大鼠	23、67、200、600、1 800、5 400、16 200、48 600 mg·kg^-1Al₂(SO₄)₃	脾脏的白髓和红髓结构正常
2017年	Mohammed Hadaf-Hashem	60	大鼠	7 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	脾脏白髓减少，红髓充血，炎性细胞聚集在红髓和血管周围
2021年	祝星意	30	小鼠	0.1、10 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	局部淋巴细胞减少，伴有大量红细胞浸润，中性粒细胞增多
2019年	Yu Hongyan	90	大鼠	128 mg·(kg·d)^-1 AlCl₃	白髓和红髓界限不清，脾脏中央动脉肿胀

时间 Time	作者 Author	试验周期/d Trial period	动物种属 Animal species	剂量 Dosage	指标 Indicators
2019年	Yu Hongyan	90	大鼠	128 mg· (kg·d)^-1AlCl₃	显著抑制脾脏T淋巴细胞CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺的比值
2018年	Zhuang Cuicui	30	大鼠	0、0.6 mmol·L^-1 (AlCl₃·6H₂O)	降低T和B淋巴细胞增殖率、CD3⁺和CD4⁺T淋巴细胞亚群、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值，提高CD8⁺T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞凋亡指数
2016年	Li Miao	1	大鼠	0.3、0.6、1.2 mmol·L^-1, AlCl₃	Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9 mRNA表达，Bcl-2和Bax比值，淋巴细胞凋亡指数升高
2013年	Zhang Jihong		大鼠	0、0.1、1、10 nmol·L^-1, AlCl₃	降低T淋巴细胞增殖和T淋巴细胞亚群的含量，增加脾淋巴细胞的IgG
2008年	王众	1	鸡	0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0 mg·mL^-1 AlCl₃_。	铝抑制鸡淋巴细胞
2012年	朱言柱	120	大鼠	0、64.18、128.36、256.72 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	CD³⁺、CD⁴⁺T淋巴细胞、CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺比值显著降低，CD⁸⁺T淋巴细胞升高
2012年	She Yue	1	大鼠	0、0.035、0.07和0.14 mg·mL^-1 Al³⁺	T淋巴细胞增殖降低，CD³⁺和CD⁴⁺T淋巴细胞，CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺T淋巴细胞的比值，增加CD⁸⁺T淋巴细胞的比例
2012年	朱言柱	120	大鼠	0、64.18、128.36、256.72 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	IgM降低，IgG、IgA和IgE升高，IgE升高
2016年	Yang Xu	1	大鼠	0.55 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃	提高AlCl₃处理淋巴细胞的T和B淋巴细胞增殖率、CD⁴⁺T淋巴细胞亚群比例

时间 Time	作者 Author	试验周期/d Trial period	动物种属 Animal species	剂量 Dosage	指标 Indicators
2019年	Omran Ghada-A	48	大鼠	50、100、200 mg·kg^-1	TNF-α明显升高，而IFN-γ则没有明显降低
2019年	Yu Hongyan	90	大鼠	12 8mg·(kg·d)^-1AlCl₃	显著抑制脾脏IL-2和TNF-α的mRNA表达
2021年	祝星意	30	小鼠	0.1、10 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	IFN-γ、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA表达升高，IL-4 mRNA表达降低
2018年	Zhuang Cuicui	30	大鼠	0、0.6 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃·6H₂O	IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α含量降低
2001年	韦小敏	1	人	0.01、0.05、0.10 mol·L^-1 AlCl₃	IL-2和TNF-α降低
2010年	Brown Kirsty	1	人	0、5、10、25、100、250、500 μg·mL^-1 Al和Al₂O₃	IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1β和TNF-α降低
2009年	胡崇伟	60	鸡	0、18.31、27.47、36.62 mg·(kg·d)^-1(Al³⁺)	TNF-α含量增加，IL-2含量下降

时间 Time	作者 Author	试验周期/d Trial period	动物种属 Animal species	剂量 Dosage	指标 Indicators
2019年	Yu Hongyan	90	大鼠	128 mg·(kg·d)^-1 AlCl₃	显著抑制脾脏IL-2和TNF-α的mRNA表达
2018年	Zhuang Cuicui	30	大鼠	0、0.6 mmol·L^-1 (AlCl₃·6H₂O)	MDA水平提高，SOD和CAT活力减弱
2014年	Luo Xue	60	小鼠	100 mg·kg^-1 AlCl₃	SOD和GSH-Px活性降低，MDA含量增加
2020年	Li Huan	1	小鼠	50 mg·kg^-1的氧化铝纳米颗粒	SOD和GSH-Px水平降低，而MDA水平增加
2010年	李艳飞	1	鸡	0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mg·mL^-1AlCl₃	MDA含量增加，SOD和GSH-Px活性下降
2009年	刘福堂	60	鸡	18.31、27.47、36.62 mg·(kg·d)^-1 AlCl₃	SOD和GSH-Px的活力下降，MDA含量增加
2020年	De Arpita	5	小鼠	15、30、60 mg·kg^-1 Al₂O₃ NP	脾脏脂质过氧化水平增加，谷胱甘肽含量降低，CAT和SOD活性也显著下降

Research Progress on Aluminum-induced Immunotoxicity

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