流式病毒检测法的应用进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Flow virometry (FVM) represents a cutting-edge technological approach leveraging flow cytometry for the precise detection and analysis of individual virus particles and their unique characteristics. This innovative method offers a novel means of detecting, quantifying, and characterizing individual virus particles. FVM enables the determination of various parameters including the concentration of intact virus particles, the abundance of specific target antigens present on the virus surface, and the relative diameter of the viruses. Within the field of technique, FVM extends beyond virus analysis, allowing for the effective detection and characterization of exosomes and microvesicles originating from cells. With the continuous development and optimization of instruments, fluorescent dyes and labeling strategies, FVM has been widely used and studied. This paper summarizes the development history of FVM, as well as the common labeling methods and application fields of viruses and other microparticles, aiming to provide reference for the further application of FVM in virology, immunology, biomedics and other research fields.

Key words: flow virometry, flow cytometry, virus and exosome labeling

CLC Number:

Ting QING, Hehao OUYANG, Qicong PAN, Bibo ZHU, Jing YE, Shengbo CAO, Xiuyu WANG, Youhui SI. Application Progress in Flow Virometry[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4840-4851.

References 107

1	王蕾,罗帝洲,邓紫璇,等.流式细胞术在农业研究领域中的应用[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(11):66-73.
	WANGL,LUOD Z,DENGZ X,et al.Application of flow cytometry in agricultural research[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2022,49(11):66-73.
2	RIESEBERGM,KASPERC,REARDONK F,et al.Flow cytometry in biotechnology[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2001,56(3-4):350-360. doi: 10.1007/s002530100673
3	ZAMORAJ L R,AGUILARH C.Flow virometry as a tool to study viruses[J].Methods,2018,134-135,87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.12.011
4	ARAKELYANA,FITZGERALDW,MARGOLISL,et al.Nanoparticle-based flow virometry for the analysis of individual virions[J].J Clin Invest,2013,123(9):3716-3727. doi: 10.1172/JCI67042
5	FLYNN J, GORRY P. Flow cytometry analysis to identify human CD8⁺ T cells[M]//SANEKO S. In Vitro Differentiation of T-Cells. New York: Humana, 2019: 1-13.
6	MANOHARS M,SHAHP,NAIRA.Flow cytometry: principles, applications and recent advances[J].Bioanalysis,2021,13(3):181-198. doi: 10.4155/bio-2020-0267
7	KLINGENY,CONZELMANNK K,FINKES.Double-labeled rabies virus: live tracking of enveloped virus transport[J].J Virol,2008,82(1):237-245. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01342-07
8	SUGIMOTOK,UEMAM,SAGARAH,et al.Simultaneous tracking of capsid, tegument, and envelope protein localization in living cells infected with triply fluorescent herpes simplex virus 1[J].J Virol,2008,82(11):5198-5211. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02681-07
9	GAUDINR,BARTENEVAN S.Sorting of small infectious virus particles by flow virometry reveals distinct infectivity profiles[J].Nat Commun,2015,6(1):6022. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7022
10	MARIED,BRUSSAARDC P D,THYRHAUGR,et al.Enumeration of marine viruses in culture and natural samples by flow cytometry[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1999,65(1):45-52. doi: 10.1128/AEM.65.1.45-52.1999
11	CHENF,LUJ R,BINDERB J,et al.Application of digital image analysis and flow cytometry to enumerate marine viruses stained with SYBR gold[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2001,67(2):539-545. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.2.539-545.2001
12	LORETS,EL BILALIN,LIPPÉR.Analysis of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ nuclear particles by flow cytometry[J].Cytometry A,2012,81A(11):950-959. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.22107
13	LUY J,DENGQ,HUD P,et al.A molecular fluorescent dye for specific staining and imaging of RNA in live cells: a novel ligand integration from classical thiazole orange and styryl compounds[J].Chem Commun (Camb),2015,51(83):15241-15244. doi: 10.1039/C5CC05551B
14	HERCHERM,MUELLERW,SHAPIROH M.Detection and discrimination of individual viruses by flow cytometry[J].J Histochem Cytochem,1979,27(1):350-352. doi: 10.1177/27.1.374599
15	YANX M,ZHONGW W,TANGA J,et al.Multiplexed flow cytometric immunoassay for influenza virus detection and differentiation[J].Anal Chem,2005,77(23):7673-7678. doi: 10.1021/ac0508797
16	BRUSSAARDC P D,MARIED,BRATBAKG.Flow cytometric detection of viruses[J].J Virol Methods,2000,85(1-2):175-182. doi: 10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00167-6
17	MARTÍNEZJ M,SWANB K,WILSONW H.Marine viruses, a genetic reservoir revealed by targeted viromics[J].ISME J,2014,8(5):1079-1088. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2013.214
18	ARAKELYANA,FITZGERALDW,ZICARIS,et al.Flow virometry to analyze antigenic spectra of virions and extracellular vesicles[J].J Vis Exp,2017,(119):55020.
19	SANJAYAK C,RANZONIA,HUNGJ,et al.Flow-cytometry detection of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle clusters increases sensitivity of dengue immunoassay[J].Anal Chim Acta,2020,1107,85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.007
20	KHALILJ Y B,LANGLOIST,ANDREANIJ,et al.Flow cytometry sorting to separate viable giant viruses from amoeba co-culture supernatants[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2017,6,202.
21	RENNERT M,TANGV A,BURGERD,et al.Intact viral particle counts measured by flow virometry provide insight into the infectivity and genome packaging efficiency of moloney murine leukemia virus[J].J Virol,2020,94(2):e01600-19.
22	SONIN,PAIP,KRISHNA KUMARG R,et al.A flow virometry process proposed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and large-scale screening of COVID-19 cases[J].Future Virol,2020,15(8):525-532. doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0141
23	HUSSAINR,ONGAROA E,DE LA CONCEPCIÓNM L R,et al.Small form factor flow virometer for SARS-CoV-2[J].Biomed Opt Express,2022,13(3):1609-1619. doi: 10.1364/BOE.450212
24	ABRAHAMS,WOODS.Development of flow cytometry-based Zika virus detection assay[J].Acta Virol,2022,66(3):275-280. doi: 10.4149/av_2022_307
25	SAMMANN,EL-BOUBBOUK,AL-MUHALHILK,et al.MICaFVi: a novel magnetic immuno-capture flow virometry nano-based diagnostic tool for detection of coronaviruses[J].Biosensors (Basel),2023,13(5):553.
26	LAIJ J,CHAUZ L,CHENS Y,et al.Exosome processing and characterization approaches for research and technology development[J].Adv Sci (Weinh),2022,9(15):2103222. doi: 10.1002/advs.202103222
27	PENGY Q,YANGY X,LIY Y,et al.Exosome and virus infection[J].Front Immunol,2023,14,1154217. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154217
28	NOLTE-'T HOENE N M,VAN DER VLISTE J,AALBERTSM,et al.Quantitative and qualitative flow cytometric analysis of nanosized cell-derived membrane vesicles[J].Nanomedicine: Nanotechnol, Biol Med,2012,8(5):712-720. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.09.006
29	VAN DER VLISTE J,NOLTE-'T HOENE N M,STOORVOGELW,et al.Fluorescent labeling of nano-sized vesicles released by cells and subsequent quantitative and qualitative analysis by high-resolution flow cytometry[J].Nat Protoc,2012,7(7):1311-1326. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.065
30	VAN DERPOL E,VAN GEMERTM J C,STURKA,et al.Single vs.swarm detection of microparticles and exosomes by flow cytometry[J].J Thromb Haemost,2012,10(5):919-930. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04683.x
31	ARRAUDN,LINARESR,TANS,et al.Extracellular vesicles from blood plasma: determination of their morphology, size, phenotype and concentration[J].J Thromb Haemost,2014,12(5):614-627. doi: 10.1111/jth.12554
32	GARDINERC,DI VIZIOD,SAHOOS,et al.Techniques used for the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles: results of a worldwide survey[J].J Extracell Vesicles,2016,5(1):32945. doi: 10.3402/jev.v5.32945
33	SZCZOTKAM,KOCKIJ,IWANE,et al.Determination of telomere length and telomerase activity in cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)[J].Pol J Vet Sci,2019,22(2):391-403.
34	BURNIEJ,TANGV A,WELSHJ A,et al.Flow virometry quantification of host proteins on the surface of HIV-1 pseudovirus particles[J].Viruses,2020,12(11):1296. doi: 10.3390/v12111296
35	ZICARIS,ARAKELYANA,FITZGERALDW,et al.Evaluation of the maturation of individual Dengue virions with flow virometry[J].Virology,2016,488,20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.021
36	ZHANGZ P,WANGD S,YAOY Y,et al.Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease bivalent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows[J].Microbiol Spectr,2023,11(6):e0102923. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01029-23
37	RICCIG,MINSKERK,KAPISHA,et al.Flow virometry for process monitoring of live virus vaccines-lessons learned from ERVEBO[J].Sci Rep,2021,11(1):7432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86688-z
38	PROUTA,RUSTANDIR R,TUBBSC,et al.Functional profiling of Covid 19 vaccine candidate by flow virometry[J].Vaccine,2022,40(37):5529-5536. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.006
39	SAFFORDH R,JOHNSONM M,BISCHELH N.Flow virometry for water-quality assessment: protocol optimization for a model virus and automation of data analysis[J].npj Clean Water,2023,6(1):28. doi: 10.1038/s41545-023-00224-2
40	SIEBURTHJ M,JOHNSONP W,HARGRAVESP E.Ultrastructure and ecology of aureococcus ANOPHAGEFERENS gen. ET SP. NOV. (CHRYSOPHYCEAE): the dominant PICOPLANKTER during a bloom in narragansett bay, Rhode Island, summer 1985[J].J Phycol,1988,24(3):416-425.
41	ZHANGP F,LIUS H,GAOD Y,et al.Click-functionalized compact quantum dots protected by multidentate-imidazole ligands: conjugation-ready nanotags for living-virus labeling and imaging[J].J Am Chem Soc,2012,134(20):8388-8391. doi: 10.1021/ja302367s
42	HAOJ,HUANGL L,ZHANGR,et al.A mild and reliable method to label enveloped virus with quantum dots by copper-free click chemistry[J].Anal Chem,2012,84(19):8364-8370. doi: 10.1021/ac301918t
43	GEORGIA,MOTTOLA-HARTSHORNC,WARNERA,et al.Detection of individual fluorescently labeled reovirions in living cells[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1990,87(17):6579-6583. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6579
44	LEOPOLDP L,FERRISB,GRINBERGI,et al.Fluorescent virions: dynamic tracking of the pathway of adenoviral gene transfer vectors in living cells[J].Hum Gene Ther,1998,9(3):367-378. doi: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.3-367
45	LANGK,CHINJ W.Cellular incorporation of unnatural amino acids and bioorthogonal labeling of proteins[J].Chem Rev,2014,114(9):4764-4806. doi: 10.1021/cr400355w
46	MAHALL K,YAREMAK J,BERTOZZIC R.Engineering chemical reactivity on cell surfaces through oligosaccharide biosynthesis[J].Science,1997,276(5315):1125-1128. doi: 10.1126/science.276.5315.1125
47	JAOC Y,SALICA.Exploring RNA transcription and turnover in vivo by using click chemistry[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008,105(41):15779-15784. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808480105
48	ZHAOX,CAIL,ADOGLAE A,et al.Labeling of enveloped virus via metabolic incorporation of azido sugars[J].Bioconjug Chem,2015,26(9):1868-1872. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00310
49	LINKA J,MOCKM L,TIRRELLD A.Non-canonical amino acids in protein engineering[J].Curr Opin Biotechnol,2003,14(6):603-609. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2003.10.011
50	HUANGB H,LINY,ZHANGZ L,et al.Surface labeling of enveloped viruses assisted by host cells[J].ACS Chem Biol,2012,7(4):683-688. doi: 10.1021/cb2001878
51	AGARDN J,PRESCHERJ A,BERTOZZIC R.A strain-promoted[J].J Am Chem Soc,2004,126(46):15046-15047. doi: 10.1021/ja044996f
52	YEKTAEIANN,MEHRABANID,SEPASKHAHM,et al.Lipophilic tracer Dil and fluorescence labeling of acridine orange used for Leishmania major tracing in the fibroblast cells[J].Heliyon,2019,5(12):e03073. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03073
53	VAN DER SCHAARH M,RUSTM J,CHENC,et al.Dissecting the cell entry pathway of dengue virus by single-particle tracking in living cells[J].PLoS Pathog,2008,4(12):e1000244. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000244
54	HUANGL L,WUL L,LIX,et al.Labeling and single-particle-tracking-based entry mechanism study of vaccinia virus from the Tiantan strain[J].Anal Chem,2018,90(5):3452-3459. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05183
55	DEHGHANIM,GABORSKIT R.Fluorescent labeling of extracellular vesicles[J].Methods Enzymol,2020,645,15-42.
56	KULKEAWK.Progress and challenges in the use of fluorescence-based flow cytometric assays for anti-malarial drug susceptibility tests[J].Malar J,2021,20(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03591-8
57	SVECHKAREVD,MOHSA M.Organic fluorescent dye-based nanomaterials: advances in the rational design for imaging and sensing applications[J].Curr Med Chem,2019,26(21):4042-4064. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180226111716
58	LANDOWSKIM,DABUNDOJ,LIUQ,et al.Nipah virion entry kinetics, composition, and conformational changes determined by enzymatic virus-like particles and new flow virometry tools[J].J Virol,2014,88(24):14197-14206. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01632-14
59	IM K, MARENINOV S, DIAZ M F P, et al. An introduction to performing immunofluorescence staining[M]//YONG W H. Biobanking. New York: Humana Press, 2019: 299-311.
60	SUNS Z,YANJ J,XIAC,et al.Visualizing hepatitis B virus with biarsenical labelling in living cells[J].Liver Int,2014,34(10):1532-1542. doi: 10.1111/liv.12419
61	LIUA A,ZHANGZ F,SUNE Z,et al.Simultaneous visualization of parental and progeny viruses by a capsid-specific HaloTag labeling strategy[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(1):1147-1155. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06438
62	ZHENGL L,LIC M,ZHENS J,et al.His-tag based in situ labelling of progeny viruses for real-time single virus tracking in living cells[J].Nanoscale,2016,8(44):18635-18639. doi: 10.1039/C6NR05806J
63	KEX L,ZHANGY,ZHENGF L,et al.SpyCatcher-SpyTag mediated in situ labelling of progeny baculovirus with quantum dots for tracking viral infection in living cells[J].Chem Commun (Camb),2018,54(10):1189-1192. doi: 10.1039/C7CC08880A
64	JOOK I,LEIY N,LEEC L,et al.Site-specific labeling of enveloped viruses with quantum dots for single virus tracking[J].ACS Nano,2008,2(8):1553-1562. doi: 10.1021/nn8002136
65	PANH,LIW J,YAOX J,et al.In situ bioorthogonal metabolic labeling for fluorescence imaging of virus infection in vivo[J].Small,2017,13(17):1604036. doi: 10.1002/smll.201604036
66	YAOY S,CHENZ F,ZHANGT,et al.Adverse reproductive and developmental consequences of quantum dots[J].Environ Res,2022,213,113666. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113666
67	WENL,ZHENGZ H,LIUA A,et al.Tracking single baculovirus retrograde transportation in host cell via quantum dot-labeling of virus internal component[J].J Nanobiotechnol,2017,15(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12951-017-0270-9
68	LIQ,LIW,YINW,et al.Single-particle tracking of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 productive entry into human primary macrophages[J].ACS Nano,2017,11(4):3890-3903. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00275
69	HUANGL L,JINY J,ZHAOD X,et al.A fast and biocompatible living virus labeling method based on sialic acid-phenylboronic acid recognition system[J].Anal Bioanal Chem,2014,406(11):2687-2693. doi: 10.1007/s00216-014-7651-9
70	ZHANGL J,WANGS B,XIAL,et al.Lipid-specific labeling of enveloped viruses with quantum dots for single-virus tracking[J].mBio,2020,11(3):e00135-20.
71	KEX L,LIC J,LUOD,et al.Metabolic labeling of enterovirus 71 with quantum dots for the study of virus receptor usage[J].J Nanobiotechnol,2021,19(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01046-5
72	HEM M,SATOY,NISHIZAWAS.Classical thiazole orange and its regioisomer as fluorogenic probes for nucleolar RNA imaging in living cells[J].Analyst,2023,148(3):636-642. doi: 10.1039/D2AN01804G
73	BAINSJ K,QURESHIN S,CEYLANB,et al.Cell-free transcription-translation system: a dual read-out assay to characterize riboswitch function[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2023,51(15):e82. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad574
74	KUBAM,KHOROSHYYP,LEPŠÍKM,et al.Real-time imaging of nascent DNA in live cells by monitoring the fluorescence lifetime of DNA-incorporated thiazole orange-modified nucleotides[J].Angew Chem,2023,135(38):e202307548. doi: 10.1002/ange.202307548
75	GEADAM M,GALINDOI,LORENZOM M,et al.Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein[J].J Gen Virol,2001,82(11):2747-2760. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-11-2747
76	ZHOUP,ZHENGZ H,LUW,et al.Multicolor labeling of living-virus particles in live cells[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2012,51(3):670-674. doi: 10.1002/anie.201105701
77	KALIAJ,RAINESR T.Advances in bioconjugation[J].Curr Org Chem,2010,14(2):138-147. doi: 10.2174/138527210790069839
78	BANERJEEP S,OSTAPCHUKP,HEARINGP,et al.Chemoselective attachment of small molecule effector functionality to human adenoviruses facilitates gene delivery to cancer cells[J].J Am Chem Soc,2010,132(39):13615-13617. doi: 10.1021/ja104547x
79	RUBINOF A,OUMY H,RAJARAML,et al.Chemoselective modification of viral surfaces via bioorthogonal click chemistry[J].J Vis Exp,2012,(66):e4246.
80	BESTM D.Click chemistry and bioorthogonal reactions: unprecedented selectivity in the labeling of biological molecules[J].Biochemistry,2009,48(28):6571-6584. doi: 10.1021/bi9007726
81	DEVARAJN K,WEISSLEDERR,HILDERBRANDS A.Tetrazine-based cycloadditions: application to pretargeted live cell imaging[J].Bioconjug Chem,2008,19(12):2297-2299. doi: 10.1021/bc8004446
82	LEMIEUXG A,DE GRAFFENRIEDC L,BERTOZZIC R.A fluorogenic dye activated by the staudinger ligation[J].J Am Chem Soc,2003,125(16):4708-4709. doi: 10.1021/ja029013y
83	KÖHNM,BREINBAUERR.The Staudinger ligation—a gift to chemical biology[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2004,43(24):3106-3116. doi: 10.1002/anie.200401744
84	BASKINJ M,PRESCHERJ R,LAUGHLINS T,et al.Copper-free click chemistry for dynamic in vivo imaging[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2007,104(43):16793-16797. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707090104
85	HANDULAM,CHENK T,SEIMBILLEY.IEDDA: an attractive bioorthogonal reaction for biomedical applications[J].Molecules,2021,26(15):4640. doi: 10.3390/molecules26154640
86	BLACKMANM L,ROYZENM,FOXJ M.Tetrazine ligation: fast bioconjugation based on inverse-electron-demand Diels- Alder reactivity[J].J Am Chem Soc,2008,130(41):13518-13519. doi: 10.1021/ja8053805
87	XIONGD C,ZHUJ J,HANM J,et al.Rapid probing of sialylated glycoproteins in vitro and in vivo via metabolic oligosaccharide engineering of a minimal cyclopropene reporter[J].Org Biomol Chem,2015,13(13):3911-3917. doi: 10.1039/C5OB00069F
88	HUANGL L,LIUK J,ZHANGQ M,et al.Integrating two efficient and specific bioorthogonal ligation reactions with natural metabolic incorporation in one cell for virus dual labeling[J].Anal Chem,2017,89(21):11620-11627. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03043
89	BEDNAREKC,WEHLI,JUNGN,et al.The Staudinger ligation[J].Chem Rev,2020,120(10):4301-4354. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00665
90	SUNDHOROM,JEONS,PARKJ,et al.Perfluoroaryl azide Staudinger reaction: a fast and bioorthogonal reaction[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2017,56(40):12117-12121. doi: 10.1002/anie.201705346
91	LIL,ZHANGZ Y.Development and applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) as a bioorthogonal reaction[J].Molecules,2016,21(10):1393. doi: 10.3390/molecules21101393
92	WANGQ,CHANT R,HILGRAFR,et al.Bioconjugation by copper (Ⅰ)-catalyzed azide-alkyne[J].J Am Chem Soc,2003,125(11):3192-3193. doi: 10.1021/ja021381e
93	SINGHD K.CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1, 2, 3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview[J].Beilstein J Org Chem,2023,19,349-379. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.19.29
94	HABERKANTP,RAIJMAKERSR,WILDWATERM,et al.In vivo profiling and visualization of cellular protein-lipid interactions using bifunctional fatty acids[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2013,52(14):4033-4038. doi: 10.1002/anie.201210178
95	黄利利. 基于生物代谢与生物正交反应的病毒荧光标记新方法[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2017.
	HUANG L L. Virus labeling via biological metabolism and bioorthogonal chemistry[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
96	李俊,郑康成.DNA分子光开关钌配合物[Ru(phen)₂(dppz)]²⁺的研究进展[J].化学试剂,2010,32(6):507-512.
	LIJ,ZHENGK C.Study on the progress of DNA molecular light switch ruthenium complex[Ru(phen)₂(dppz)]²⁺[J].Chemical Reagents,2010,32(6):507-512.
97	DI PIETROM L,LA GANGAG,NASTASIF,et al.Ru (Ⅱ)-dppz derivatives and their interactions with DNA: thirty years and counting[J].Appl Sci,2021,11(7):3038. doi: 10.3390/app11073038
98	MERINOE J,DAVISM L,BARTONJ K.Common mitochondrial DNA mutations generated through DNA-mediated charge transport[J].Biochemistry,2009,48(4):660-666. doi: 10.1021/bi801570j
99	WANGH,LIUX H,TANL F.Binding properties of a molecular "light switch" ruthenium(Ⅱ) polypyridyl complex toward double- and triple-helical forms of RNA[J].Int J Biol Macromol,2023,242,124710. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124710
100	WILCHEKM,BAYERE A.The avidin-biotin complex in immunology[J].Immunol Today,1984,5(2):39-43. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(84)90027-6
101	WENL,LINY,ZHANGZ L,et al.Intracellular self-assembly based multi-labeling of key viral components: envelope, capsid and nucleic acids[J].Biomaterials,2016,99,24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.038
102	SUNE Z,LIUA A,ZHANGZ L,et al.Real-time dissection of distinct dynamin-dependent endocytic routes of influenza a virus by quantum dot-based single-virus tracking[J].ACS Nano,2017,11(5):4395-4406. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07853
103	MALTSEVAM,LANGLOISM A.Influence of GlycoGag on the incorporation of host membrane proteins into the envelope of the moloney murine leukemia virus[J].Front Virol,2021,1,747253. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2021.747253
104	THÉRYC,WITWERK W,AIKAWAE,et al.Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines[J].J Extracell Vesicles,2018,7(1):1535750. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750
105	TIANY,GONGM F,HUY Y,et al.Quality and efficiency assessment of six extracellular vesicle isolation methods by nano-flow cytometry[J].J Extracell Vesicles,2020,9(1):1697028. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1697028
106	LIPPÉR.Flow virometry: a powerful tool to functionally characterize viruses[J].J Virol,2018,92(3):e01765-17.
107	MALTSEVAM,LANGLOISM A.Flow virometry for characterizing the size, concentration, and surface antigens of viruses[J].Curr Protoc,2022,2(2):e368. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.368

[1]	Lan FENG, Xue FENG, Yulin MA, Lingkai ZHANG, Yanfen MA, Dawei WEI, Fen LI, Lupei ZHANG, Runjun YANG, Yun MA, Bei CAI. Study on the Function of PPP5C Gene in Regulating the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Adipocytes [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(10): 4391-4402.
[2]	LI Minghui, LIAO Lüyan, LIU Zhenni, YAN Ping, ZHU Zheng, WU Chunlin, LI Jian, HUANG Yifan, WU Yijian. Analysis of the Effects of Muscovy Duck Reovirus on Lymphocyte Homing in Muscovy Ducklings Ileum by CFSE-Labeling Assay [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 159-169.
[3]	TANG Zequn, LUO Haiyan, GE Ming, GUO Rong, XU Danlei, ZHANG Ruili. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against chTLR3 and Its Preliminary Application [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(6): 1292-1300.
[4]	WANG Yong, MAO Ruoqing, ZHANG Keshan, ZHENG Haixue, LIU Xiangtao. The Structural Protein of Senecavirus A VP1 Induces Apoptosis in PK-15 [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(4): 811-820.
[5]	HU Meng-juan, ZHOU Li-na, NIU Yan-ping, XU Li-xin, SONG Xiao-kai, LI Xiang-rui, YAN Ruo-feng. Effects of Haemonchus contortus Cysteine Protease on Immune Functions of Goat PBMCs [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(4): 804-810.
[6]	CAI Guo-dong, SUN Kai, XIANG Zi-lai, WANG Ling, ZOU Hui, GU Jian-hong, YUAN Yan, LIU Xue-zhong, LIU Zong-ping, BIAN Jian-chun. The Effects of Zearalenone on the Activation and Proliferation of Mouse T-lymphocytesin vitro [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(7): 1357-1364.
[7]	MA Qun-shan, LIU Xin-chao, SUN Xiao-ni, WANG Shuai, XU Li-xin, SONG Xiao-kai, YAN Ruo-feng, LI Xiang-rui. Effects of Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 9 of Toxoplasma gondii on the Functions of Mouse Ana-1 Macrophages in vitro [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(4): 731-739.
[8]	CHEN Xiao-liang， HUANG Yi，YIN Li-li，WANG Shi-chang，LIN Xiu-kun. Establishment of a New Type Phytase Transgenic Swine Fibroblast Cell Line [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2013, 44(1): 7-14.
[9]	ZENG Youquan;LU Yangqing;YANG Xiaogan; LU Shengsheng;ZHANG Ming;LU Kehuan . Sexpreselected Piglets Derived from Sexed Sperm by Flow Cytometry Sorting [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2012, 43(7): 1163-1169.
[10]	LI Shufang;ZHANG Jidong;LI Ying;YONG Yanhong;SUN Fengli . Effects of Rice Bran Polysaccharide on Cell Cycle and Antiapoptosis of Spleen and Bursa Cells in Immunosuppression Chicken [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2009, 40(6): 916-921.
[11]	GONG Tao;CHEN Tao;BAI Caimin;PENG Xi;CUI Hengmin. Effect of Dietary High Fluorine on the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Liver in Chickens [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2009, 40(11): 0-1680.
[12]	CUI Wei;PENG Xi;ZHAO Li;YANG Fan;CUI Heng-min. Effect of Dietary High Copper on the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Kidney in Ducklings [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2008, 39(7): 980-984.
[13]	. The Effect of High Copper on Lymphocyte Apoptosis of Lymphoid Organs in Chickens [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2007, 38(6): 601-607.
[14]	CHEN Jin-jun;WANG Jian-hua. Apoptosis of L1210 Cell Line Induced by Extract from Tephroseris Kirilowii Turcz Holub in vitro [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2006, 37(3): 295-298.

Application Progress in Flow Virometry

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 107

Related Articles 14

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments