高原家养动物环境适应性的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.07.001

Abstract

Abstract: The environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly manifested in low oxygen and low pressure, cold and dry, strong ultraviolet rays and food shortage. The plateau domestic animals can live in this environment after long-term selection and cultivation, and their organisms have formed unique adaptive characteristics to the plateau. Due to complicated characteristics of plateau domestic animals adaptive evolutionary system, the comprehensive and systematic analysis of adaptive molecular mechanism has not been completed. With the development of molecular biology and bioinformatics, the genome assembly and functional annotation of the plateau domestic animals have been accomplished, and then the work of genome, transcriptome and proteome has been gradually carried out. Since then, a series of key candidate genes for plateau animals environmental adaptability have been identified. These provided further support for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms in the environment adaptation of plateau domestic animals. This review takes Tibetan chicken (Gallus gallus), Tibetan pig(Sus scrofa), yak(Bos grunniens), Tibetan goat(Capra hircus), Tibetan sheep(Ovis aries), Tibetan horse(Equus caballus) and Tibetan mastiff(Canis lupus familiaris) as the classification unit, their anatomical structure of tissues and organs, blood physiological and biochemical indexes and molecular genetic mechanism are discussed, respectively, and the future research of plateau adaptive evolution are envisaged, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the new variety breeding in the plateau high-cold and hypoxic regions.

Key words: high altitude adaptability, tissues and organs, blood physiological index, molecular mechanism

CLC Number:

Q951.3

ZHANG Tianliu, GAO Xue, XU Lingyang, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Lupei, ZHU Bo, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya. Research Progress on Environment Adaptation of Plateau Domestic Animals[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(7): 1475-1487.

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Research Progress on Environment Adaptation of Plateau Domestic Animals

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