胆汁酸抑菌机制及结构改性的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Bile acids, as a natural substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms in animals, is gaining increasing attention. Currently, there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the diversity of antibacterial mechanisms of bile acids. In this review, the latest progress in the study of the antibacterial mechanism of bile acids, including the direct antibacterial mechanism (surfactant mechanism, destroying cell membrane homeostasis mechanism and oxidative damage mechanism), and the indirect antibacterial mechanism (activating the expression of host antibacterial substances and affecting the expression of bacterial functional genes). On this basis, the structural modification strategies (dimerization/polymerization, introduction of positively charged groups and synthetic biology of secondary bile acids) to improve the antibacterial activity of bile acids were summarized, with a view to providing theoretical reference and basis for the application of bile acids in bacteriostasis.

Key words: bile acids, antimicrobial mechanism, structural modification

CLC Number:

S859.797

PAN Hua, SUN Lei, ZHANG Jun, LIU Lili, MA Wengang, CAO Aizhi, LV Mingbin. Research Progress in Antimicrobial Mechanism and Structural Modification of Bile Acids[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2546-2554.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

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游离型胆汁酸 Free bile acids	C-3	C-7	C-12	C-24	结合型胆汁酸 Conjugated bile acids
胆酸Cholic acid	-OH	-OH	-OH	-牛磺酸/-甘氨酸	牛磺/甘氨胆酸
去氧胆酸Deoxycholic acid	-OH	-H	-OH		牛磺/甘氨去氧胆酸
鹅去氧胆酸Chenodeoxycholic acid	-OH	-OH	-H		牛磺/甘氨鹅去氧胆酸
石胆酸Lithocholic acid	-OH	-H	-H		牛磺/甘氨石胆酸

名称 Name	不同类型胆汁酸的pKa值 pKa value of different types of bile acids
名称 Name	游离型 Free	牛磺酸结合型 Tauro-conjugated type	甘氨酸结合型 Gly-conjugated type
胆酸Cholic acid	4.48	-0.88	3.77
去氧胆酸Deoxycholic acid	4.65	-0.75	3.77
鹅去氧胆酸Chenodeoxycholic acid	4.60	-0.80	3.77
熊去氧胆酸Ursodeoxycholic acid	4.60	-0.99	3.77
石胆酸Lithocholic acid	4.79	-0.63	3.77

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Research Progress in Antimicrobial Mechanism and Structural Modification of Bile Acids

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