广明2号肉鸡必需氨基酸维持需要量研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.023

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aimed to estimate the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids of Guangming No. 2 broilers, and to provide a basis for the establishment of a prediction model of amino acid requirement. In trial 1, 12 Guangming No. 2 male and female were selected at 12 to 15 days of age and 31 to 34 days of age, respectively, with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 chickens per replicate. Each replicate was fed in a metabolic cage. The broilers were fed a nitrogen-free diet, and the excreta and shed feather dander of broilers were collected separately, and the ratio of endogenous nitrogen to shed dander nitrogen was calculated. In trial 2, 48 male and 48 female broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (12 broilers in each treatment group), and male and female broilers were fed separately in 6 metabolic cages. The four treatment groups were fed metabolic diets with different protein contents, and the excreta (including shed dander) of broilers were collected. Nitrogen deposition (nitrogen intake minus nitrogen expulsion) was calculated, a linear regression equation of nitrogen intake and nitrogen deposition was established to calculate the protein maintenance requirement of broilers. The maintenance requirement of endogenous protein and dander protein was calculated according to the ratio of endogenous nitrogen and shed dander nitrogen, and multiplied respectively by the composition of essential amino acids in endogenous protein (referring to previous data) and in shed dander protein (actual measurement) to calculate the maintenance requirements of endogenous amino acids and dander amino acids, and the sum of the two was the maintenance requirement of essential amino acids of Guangming No. 2 broilers. Experimental 1 showed that the daily nitrogen loss of Guangming No. 2 broiler was mainly due to dander shedding, which accounted for 55.9%~65.1%. There was a significant interaction between age and sex on the proportion of shed dander nitrogen to total nitrogen loss (P < 0.001), the proportion of shed dander nitrogen of male broiler was significantly lower than that of females in the early stage, but significantly higher than that of females in the later stage (P < 0.05). The second experiment showed that the intake, excretion and deposition of nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of protein content in metabolic diets (P < 0.001). The linear regression equations of nitrogen intake and deposition of male and female broilers were established in the two stages. The regression models were significant (P < 0.001), and the coefficient of determination were greater than 0.96. According to the regression equation, the protein maintenance requirements of Guangming No. 2 broilers were calculated, 2.36 and 3.16 g/kg BW^0.75 for male and female broilers at 12~15 days old per day, 2.96 and 2.56 g/kg BW^0.75 for male and female broilers at 31~34 days old per day. The utilization efficiency of dietary protein was 65.55% and 58.73% for 12~15 days old male and female broilers, 79.42% and 73.95% for 31~34 days old male and female broilers. According to the ratio of endogenous nitrogen and shed dander nitrogen obtained from experiment 1, the maintenance requirements of endogenous protein and dander protein in Guangming No. 2 broilers at different stages were calculated. Then, according to the composition of essential amino acids in endogenous protein and dander protein, the maintenance requirements of endogenous amino acids and dander amino acids were calculated. In this study, an improved method was used to estimate the maintenance requirements of endogenous essential amino acids and dander amino acids in Guangming No. 2 broilers, which provided a basis for the establishment of a prediction model of amino acid requirements. The estimated results of this study were close to those of adult chickens measured by the comparative slaughtering method, indicating that the proposed method was more reasonable than the original method.

Key words: Guangming No. 2 broiler, growth stage, gender, maintenance requirements for essential amino acid

CLC Number:

S831.41

ZHAO Shaomeng, DONG Ruiling, LIU Dawei, YING Fan, LI Sen, ZHAO Guiping, ZHANG Minhong, WEN Jie, FENG Jinghai. The Maintenance Requirements for Essential Amino Acids of Guangming No.2 Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5590-5601.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

References 31

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项目Item	无氮日粮 Nitrogen free diet		基础日粮 Basic diet
项目Item	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age	31~34日龄 31-34 days of age	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age	31~34日龄 31-34 days of age
原料组成Ingredients
玉米Corn	-	-	41.92	36.91
豆粕Soybean meal	-	-	43.80	48.23
玉米淀粉Corn starch	58.89	57.50	-	-
蔗糖Saccharose	30.00	30.00	-	-
纤维素Cellulose	4.20	4.50	-	-
大豆油Soybean oil	2.70	4.20	9.40	10.30
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	2.56	2.28	1.80	1.64
石粉Limestone	0.84	0.77	0.96	0.91
食盐NaCl	0.40	0.35	0.40	0.40
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	-	-	0.18	0.18
L-赖氨酸L-Lys	-	-	0.10	0.10
L-苏氨酸L-Thr	-	-	0.03	0.03
胆碱Choline	0.32	0.31	0.32	0.31
预混料Premix¹	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09
氧化铁Iron oxide	-	-	1.00	1.00
合计Total	100	100	100	100
营养水平Nutrients
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	13.61	14.06	13.61	14.06
粗蛋白质CP²	-	-	22.60	20.46
钙Ca	0.91	0.82	0.91	0.82
非植酸磷NP	0.46	0.41	0.46	0.41
赖氨酸Lys	-	-	1.35	1.21
蛋氨酸Met	-	-	0.54	0.49
蛋+半胱氨酸Met + Cys	-	-	0.98	0.89
苏氨酸Thr	-	-	0.92	0.82

项目Item	12~15日龄 12-15 days old		31~34日龄 31-34 days old		SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	SEM	性别 Sex	日龄 Age	性别日龄 SexAge
内源氮损失量eNL	0.061	0.064	0.080	0.076	0.002	0.907	< 0.001	0.121
脱落氮损失量sdNL	0.077^d	0.099^c	0.148^a	0.112^b	0.002	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001
总氮损失量TNL	0.138^d	0.163^c	0.228^a	0.189^b	0.002	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001
内源氮的占比e/T	44.1%^a	39.2%^c	34.9%^d	40.3%^b	0.011	0.806	0.002	< 0.001
脱落氮的占比sd/T	55.9%^d	60.8%^b	65.1%^a	59.7%^c	0.011	0.806	0.002	< 0.001

项目 Item	平均体重/g BW	饲喂量/g ADFI	氮摄入量/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Ni	氮排泄/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Nex	氮沉积量/(g/kg BW^0.75/d) Nd
12~15日龄公鸡12-15 days old male chicken
40% G	410.92^b	15.20	0.44^d	0.39^d	0.05^d
60% G	413.33^b	15.21	0.63^c	0.47^c	0.16^c
80% G	413.75^b	15.22	0.90^b	0.58^b	0.32^b
100% G	416.33^a	15.25	1.21^a	0.65^a	0.56^a
SEM	0.829	0.171	0.010	0.021	0.020
P值 P-value	0.008	0.655	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
12~15日龄母鸡12-15 days of age female chicken
40% G	405.57^d	14.83	0.43^d	0.49^c	-0.06^d
60% G	407.67^c	15.20	0.62^c	0.52^c	0.10^c
80% G	409.75^b	15.22	0.89^b	0.68^b	0.21^b
100% G	415.50^a	15.25	1.19^a	0.79^a	0.40^a
SEM	0.659	0.171	0.008	0.018	0.018
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.08	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
31~34日龄公鸡31-34 days old male chicken
40% G	2 011.83^b	40.19	0.35^d	0.44^c	-0.08^d
60% G	2 037.17^b	40.19	0.50c	0.49^b	0.07^c
80% G	2 032.33^b	40.17	0.72^b	0.52^a	0.20^b
100% G	2 125.50^a	40.15	0.93^a	0.56^a	0.37^a
SEM	0.013	0.013	0.003	0.006	0.006
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.060	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
31~34日龄母鸡31-34 days old female chicken
40% G	1 819.00^b	40.19	0.42^d	0.40^d	0.02^d
60% G	1 812.33^b	40.19	0.61^c	0.48^c	0.13^c
80% G	1 822.33^b	40.19	0.87^b	0.54^b	0.33^b
100% G	1 849.67^a	40.17	1.16^a	0.60^a	0.56^a
SEM	0.013	0.013	0.003	0.006	0.006
P值 P-value	< 0.001	0.770	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

项目 Item	12~15日龄 12-15 d old		31~34日龄 31-34 d old
项目 Item	公鸡Male	母鸡Female	公鸡Male	母鸡Female
总蛋白质Total protein	2.36	3.16	2.96	2.56
内源蛋白¹ Endogenous protein	1.04	1.24	1.03	1.03
毛屑脱落蛋白² Shed protein	1.32	1.92	1.93	1.53
蛋白利用效率/% Protein utilization efficiency	65.55	58.73	79.42	73.95

项目Item	12~15日龄12-15 days of age		31~34日龄31-34 days of age
项目Item	公鸡 Male chicken	母鸡 Female chicken	公鸡 Male chicken	母鸡 Female chicken
赖氨酸Lys	4.44	4.45	4.83	4.63
蛋氨酸Met	1.42	1.43	1.63	1.59
半胱氨酸Cys	3.14	3.19	3.67	3.65
天冬氨酸Asp	7.49	7.53	7.69	7.64
苏氨酸Thr	4.25	4.25	4.53	4.52
丝氨酸Ser	6.42	6.43	6.74	6.75
谷氨酸Glu	10.17	10.25	10.41	10.43
甘氨酸Gly	7.07	7.10	7.82	7.78
丙氨酸Ala	5.13	5.17	5.43	5.37
缬氨酸Val	6.02	6.10	6.33	6.31
异亮氨酸Ile	4.53	4.54	4.63	4.65
亮氨酸Leu	5.43	5.46	5.79	5.79
酪氨酸Tyr	2.89	2.92	3.18	3.17
苯丙氨酸Phe	3.99	4.02	4.19	4.17
组氨酸His	1.63	1.63	2.06	2.08
精氨酸Arg	6.22	6.25	6.84	6.84
脯氨酸Pro	7.30	7.34	7.56	7.59

The Maintenance Requirements for Essential Amino Acids of Guangming No.2 Broilers

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氨基酸 Amino acid	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸 Met	苏氨酸 Thr	甘氨酸 Gly	缬氨酸 Val	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	色氨酸 Trp	苯丙氨酸 Phe	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg
含量Content	1.82	4.79	3.80	8.91	4.79	3.47	3.63	0.83	8.09	0.99	8.25

数据来源 Data source	品种 Breed	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸 Met	苏氨酸 Thr	甘氨酸 Gly	缬氨酸 Val	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	苯丙氨酸 Phe	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg
Sakomura等^[5]	肉种鸡 Broiler breeders	81	60	133	-	154	93	51	125	-	173
Dorigam等^[7]	5周龄广明2号肉鸡 Guangming No. 2	89.5	73.8	108	211	146	107	126	147	42.0	190
杨志刚^[19] YANG Z G	5周龄广明2号肉鸡 Guangming No. 2	84.4	28.3	89.7	168	119	83.8	108	74.7	82.6	135
杨志刚^[19] YANG Z G	AA肉鸡 AA broilers	53.0	19.9	54.4	107	70.1	48.0	85.9	49.0	62.2	79.7

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氨基酸 Amino acid	12~15日龄 12-15 days of age		31~34日龄 31-34 days of age
氨基酸 Amino acid	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female	公鸡 Male	母鸡 Female
赖氨酸Lys	77.65	108.06	111.70	89.50
蛋氨酸Met	68.62	86.90	80.67	73.76
苏氨酸Thr	95.72	128.80	126.30	108.24
甘氨酸Gly	186.44	247.28	242.45	210.81
缬氨酸Val	129.47	176.71	171.06	145.82
异亮氨酸Ile	95.98	130.42	124.84	106.87
亮氨酸Leu	109.72	150.16	148.88	125.96
苯丙氨酸Phe	137.10	177.67	164.04	147.25
组氨酸His	31.94	43.73	49.78	41.98
精氨酸Arg	168.30	222.59	216.78	189.67