单细胞转录组测序技术在家禽中的研究进展与发展趋势

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 单细胞转录组测序技术(scRNA-seq)因其单细胞分辨率解析细胞异质性与动态基因表达的优势，正逐步革新家禽生物学研究方式。本文系统综述了单细胞转录组测序技术在家禽领域的应用进展：单细胞测序技术通过逐个分析家禽细胞，为提升产蛋效率、改良肉质和增强抗病能力提供了新方法。然而，当前研究仍面临家禽单细胞图谱覆盖不足、功能验证体系匮乏及农业转化成本高昂等瓶颈。未来需聚焦低成本测序技术开发、多组学数据整合(如scATAC-seq与代谢组)及CRISPR/Cas9家禽模型的靶向验证，以驱动精准育种与繁殖调控的智能化设计。本文为深入解析家禽细胞命运决定机制及其应用提供了理论基础与技术展望。

关键词: 单细胞转录组测序, 禽类卵泡发育, 产蛋性状, 家禽育种

Abstract: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing poultry biology research by resolving cellular heterogeneity and dynamic gene expression at single-cell resolution. This review systematically summarizes the advances in scRNA-seq applications for poultry: the technology enables cell-by-cell analysis, offering novel strategies to enhance egg production efficiency, improve meat quality, and boost disease resistance. However, current research faces bottlenecks including incomplete cellular atlas coverage, scarce functional validation systems, and high agricultural conversion costs. Future efforts should prioritize developing low-cost sequencing, integrating multi-omics data (e.g., scATAC-seq and metabolomics), and implementing targeted validation via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated avian models. These approaches will drive intelligent design of precision breeding and reproductive regulation. This review provides theoretical foundations and technical prospects for deciphering cell fate determination mechanisms in poultry and their practical applications.

Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, avian follicular development, egg-laying traits, poultry breeding

中图分类号:

S813

董天舒, 柯文涛, 梁豪, 李劭明, 李鹏, 王家乡, 吴艳, 皮劲松, 谢洋, 栾艳. 单细胞转录组测序技术在家禽中的研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 5943-5951.

DONG Tianshu, KE Wentao, LIANG Hao, LI Shaoming, LI Peng, WANG Jiaxiang, WU Yan, PI Jinsong, XIE Yang, LUAN Yan. Research Advances and Future Perspectives of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology in Poultry[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 5943-5951.

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