基于网络药理学分析饲粮添加蒲公英调节鹅免疫因子水平的作用机制

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在通过网络药理学方法分析日粮中添加蒲公英提高鹅免疫功能的作用机制。利用Symmap数据库收集蒲公英的活性成分及其作用靶点，通过Gene Cards数据库搜寻免疫抑制的相关靶点，然后对两者交集靶点进行蛋白质-蛋白质交互作用网络(protein-protein interaction networks，PPI)分析、基因本体论(gene ontology，GO)功能富集分析以及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG)通路富集分析，将涉及到的核心靶点与蒲公英活性成分进行分子对接；并根据分析结果进行动物试验，对鹅生长性能、免疫相关指标及核心靶点mRNA相对表达量进行检测。结果表明，通过数据库筛选出190个蒲公英提高鹅免疫功能的关键靶点，利用PPI分析得到CASP3、IL-6、ACTB、STAT3等核心靶点；GO与KEGG富集分析得到蒲公英可能参与基因表达的正向调节、对缺氧的反应、对细胞凋亡过程的负调控以及碳水化合物代谢等过程，通过FoxO信号通路、细胞凋亡、Toll样受体信号通路、MAPK信号通路、p53信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路等多种信号通路发挥免疫调节作用；分子对接结果显示蒲公英主要有效成分与IL-6、STAT3均有较好的对接活性；动物试验结果显示，日粮中添加蒲公英可显著提高鹅的生长性能、血清IgA、IgG水平，降低IL-6含量，同时降低了鹅空肠组织中IL-6、STAT3的mRNA表达量，提高了FoxO1和FoxO3的表达量。综上说明，日粮中添加蒲公英可能通过FoxO通路起到提高机体免疫功能的作用，为进一步开发蒲公英作为鹅饲料添加剂提供理论参考，也为鹅养殖过程中疾病防控提供新的思路。

关键词: 蒲公英, 免疫, 网络药理学, 分子对接

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action by which the addition of dandelion to diets can enhance immune function in geese, using a network pharmacology approach. The Symmap database was used to collect the active ingredients and targets of dandelion. The Gene Cards database was used to search for immunosuppressive targets. The intersecting targets were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking was performed between the core targets and the active components of dandelion. Subsequently, the outcomes of these analyses were used to conduct animal experiments to test the growth performance of the geese, immune-related indices, and relative expression of the core target mRNAs. The results showed that 190 key targets of dandelion to improve the immune function of geese were screened out through the database, and core targets, such as CASP3, IL-6, ACTB, and STAT3, were obtained by protein interaction analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that dandelion might be involved in the positive regulation of gene expression, response to hypoxia, negative regulation of apoptotic process, and carbohydrate metabolic process, and then exert immune regulatory effects through multiple signaling pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, apoptosis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active ingredients of dandelion had good docking activities with IL-6 and STAT3. The results of animal experiments showed that the addition of dandelion to the diet significantly increased growth performance and serum IgA and IgG levels, reduced IL-6 content, reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 and STAT3, and increased the expression of FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the jejunal tissues of geese. This study demonstrated that adding dandelion to the diet could enhance the immune function of the organisms through the FoxO pathway, which provides a theoretical reference for the further development of dandelion as a feed supplement for geese.

Key words: dandelion, immunity, network pharmacology, molecular docking

中图分类号:

S853.74

赵玉洁, 宛宝霞, 王佳奇, 孙思雨, 冷欣阳, 崔一喆. 基于网络药理学分析饲粮添加蒲公英调节鹅免疫因子水平的作用机制[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4698-4707.

ZHAO Yujie, WAN Baoxia, WANG Jiaqi, SUN Siyu, LENG Xinyang, CUI Yizhe. Mechanism of Action of Dandelion Addition to Ration to Enhance the Immune Performance of Geese Based on Network Pharmacological Analysis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4698-4707.

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日粮组成 Ration composition	含量/% Content	营养成分 Nutrient composition	含量/% Content
玉米 Corn	61	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1)^② Metabolic energy	11.04
豆粕 Soybean meal	21	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	16.14
稻壳 Rice husk	10	粗纤维 Crude fiber	3.04
植物油 Vegetable oil	0.5	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	24.86
石粉 Stone powder	3	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber	14.35
预混料^① Premix	4	钙 Calcium	0.8
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine	0.27	磷 Phosphorus	0.5
磷酸氢钙 Calcium hydrogen phosphate	0.23	赖氨酸 Lysine	0.8
合计 Total	100	蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.45

名称 Name	序列 Sequence
IL-6	F: TGGCAACGACGATAAGGCAG
	R: TCGGAGGATGAGGTGTGTGG
STAT3	F: GGAGGAGGCGTTCGGGAAG
	R: GATGGTGTTGCTGAAGGAGGTG
FoxO1	F: TTCAATCCGTCACAACTTGTCTCTG
	R: GATGCCGCTCGCCTCCTC
FoxO3	F: GGACAACAGCAACAAGTACACC
	R: TGCTTGCCAAAATCGGTGAC

成分ID Ingredient ID	成分名称 Ingredient name	英文名称 English name	OB/%	编号 Number
SMIT05063	咖啡酸乙酯	Ethyl Caffeate	103.851	TM01
SMIT04878	毛茛黄素	Flavoxanthin	60.412 9	TM02
SMIT00013	槲皮素	Quercetin	46.433 3	TM03
SMIT00044	亚麻酸	Linolenic Acid	45.009 1	TM04
SMIT00042	甜菜碱	Betaine	40.922 3	TM05
SMIT01860	阿魏酸	Ferulic Acid	40.434 3	TM06
SMIT12514	果胶	Pectin	40.389 6	TM07
SMIT06410	菊黄质	Chrysanthemaxanthin	38.724 0	TM08
SMIT08158	蒲公英赛醇	Taraxerol	38.402 5	TM09
SMIT00034	β-谷甾醇	Beta-Sitosterol	36.913 9	TM10
SMIT00002	木犀草素	Luteolin	36.162 6	TM11
SMIT07872	咖啡酸甲酯	Methyl Caffeate	30.683 9	TM12

名称 Name	中介中心性 Betweenness	接近中心性 Closeness	度中心性 Degree
CASP3	2 016.759	0.003 135	55
IL6	1 775.099	0.003 058	52
ACTB	1 873.244	0.003 077	50
STAT3	1 154.264	0.003 067	50
CCND1	1 829.511	0.002 994	47
BCL2	905.7922	0.003 040	46
INS	3 610.713	0.002 985	44
GAPDH	1 694.433	0.003 003	43
CTNNB1	1 262.989	0.002 778	40
ESR1	1 830.851	0.002 933	39

项目 Item	蒲公英添加组 TM	对照组 CON	P值 P-value
初始体重/g Initial body weight	1 540.00±40.00	1 530.00±60.00	0.87
末体重/g Final body weight	3 571.00±67.00	2 925.00±30.00	＜0.01
平均日增重/g Average daily weight gain	72.62±3.31	50.00±2.50	＜0.01
平均日采食量/g Average daily feed intake	435.4±3.96	363.5±6.73	＜0.01
耗料增重比 Feed consumption to weight gain ratio	6.13±0.27	7.51±0.45	0.02