基于PK/PD模型对甲砜霉素粉在鸡口服给药方案药效再评价

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.038

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 4007-4017.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.038

基于PK/PD模型对甲砜霉素粉在鸡口服给药方案药效再评价

谷日飞¹^,²(), 张思微¹^,²(), 赵志杰¹^,², 宋伟硕¹^,², 张峻铭¹^,², 马晓茹¹^,², 高嫣珺¹^,²^,*(), 卜仕金¹^,²^,*()

1. 扬州大学兽医学院, 扬州 225009
2. 江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心, 扬州 225009

收稿日期:2024-09-29 出版日期:2025-08-23 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 高嫣珺,卜仕金 E-mail:grfei926@163.com;1335322522@qq.com;820898490@qq.com;sjbo@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:谷日飞(2000-)，男，山西大同人，硕士生，主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究，E-mail：grfei926@163.com
张思微(1998-)，女，安徽宿州人，硕士，主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究，E-mail：1335322522@qq.com
第一联系人：
谷日飞与张思微为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effectiveness Revaluation of Thiamphenicol Powder Oral Dosage Regimen in Chickens Based on PK/PD Model

GU Rifei¹^,²(), ZHANG Siwei¹^,²(), ZHAO Zhijie¹^,², SONG Weishuo¹^,², ZHANG Junming¹^,², MA Xiaoru¹^,², GAO Yanjun¹^,²^,*(), BU Shijin¹^,²^,*()

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2024-09-29 Online:2025-08-23 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: GAO Yanjun, BU Shijin E-mail:grfei926@163.com;1335322522@qq.com;820898490@qq.com;sjbo@yzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过开展甲砜霉素粉在鸡口服给药的体内药动学试验获得有关药动学参数，结合蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)，评估甲砜霉素粉在鸡临床推荐给药方案的合理性。设静脉注射组(10 mg·kg^-1, 按体重计算)和口服低、高剂量组(10、20 mg·kg^-1, 按体重计算)3组，预定时间采集血样，采用经验证的鸡血浆中甲砜霉素含量HPLC测定方法检测鸡血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度。拟合甲砜霉素在鸡体内药动学参数，建立甲砜霉素对多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida)的流行病学临界值(ECOFF)，结合甲砜霉素对多杀性巴氏杆菌抑菌、杀菌和清除对应的PK/PD临界值，经MCS获得当前给药方案对多杀性巴氏杆菌不同MIC分布下的达标率(target attainment rate, TAR)，进一步优化临床给药方案。结果显示，甲砜霉素10 mg·kg^-1(按体重计算)单剂量静注给药后，AUC_inf为(14.21±5.69) μg·h·mL^-1，T_1/2Z为(1.85±1.20)h，CL为(803.11±297.78)mL·(kg·h)^-1，V_C为(403.63±93.74)mL·kg^-1；甲砜霉素粉按10、20 mg·kg^-1(按体重计算)单剂量经口灌服给药后，C_max分别为(1.70±0.27)μg·mL^-1和(3.36±0.98)μg·mL^-1，T_max分别为(1.30±0.48)h和(1.50±0.53)h，AUC_inf分别为(5.01±0.80)μg·h·mL^-1和(12.38±3.21)μg·h·mL^-1，T_1/2Z分别为(2.25±1.03)h和(2.31±1.00)h，口服生物利用度分别为33.84%和43.08%。甲砜霉素粉低、高剂量(10、20 mg·kg^-1, 按体重计算)对多杀性巴氏杆菌在ECOFF(2 μg·mL^-1)处抑菌、杀菌和清除的达标率分别为26.96%和86.03%、10.77%和58.89%、9.40%和49.62%，均小于90%。计算获得抑菌、杀菌和清除的达标率所需24 h给药量分别为43.1、66.4和78.1 mg·kg^-1(按体重计算)。结果表明，甲砜霉素粉当前在鸡的临床推荐给药方案无法实现对多杀性巴氏杆菌全身感染的细菌学治愈，建议有效的24 h给药推荐量为45 mg·kg^-1(按体重计算)。

关键词: 甲砜霉素粉, PK/PD, 多杀性巴氏杆菌, 药效再评价

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol powder in chickens after oral administration. After the pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained, the rationality of the recommended oral dosing regimen of thiamphenicol powder in chickens was revaluated by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Three groups were set: thiamphenicol 10 mg·kg^-1 BW intravenous injection group, and thiamphenicol powder 10 and 20 mg·kg^-1 BW oral gavage groups. Blood samples were collected at a scheduled time and the concentration of thiamphenicol in chicken plasma was determined by a verified HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamphenicol in chickens were fitted, and the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) of thiamphenicol against Pasteurella multocida was established. Then the PK/PD cut-off values at bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and eradication of thiamphenicol against Pasteurella multocida were used to predicate the target attainment rate (TAR) by MCS. The effective dose was calculated to optimize the clinical dosage regimen. The results showed that AUC_inf, T_1/2Z, CL and V_C were (14.21±5.69) μg·h·mL^-1, (1.85±1.20) h, (803.11±297.78) mL·(kg·h)^-1, and (403.63±93.74) mL·kg^-1, respectively, after intravenous administration of 10 mg·kg^-1 BW. After oral administration of 10 and 20 mg·kg^-1 BW, the C_max were (1.70±0.27) μg·mL^-1 and (3.36±0.98) μg·mL^-1, the T_max were (1.30±0.48) h and (1.50±0.53) h, the AUC_inf were (5.01±0.80) μg·h·mL^-1 and (12.38±3.21) μg·h·mL^-1, T_1/2Z were (2.25±1.03) h and (2.31±1.00) h, and oral bioavailability were 33.84% and 43.08%, respectively. The TAR that bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and eradication of Pasteurella multocida under ECOFF (2 μg·mL^-1) by the low and high doses (10 and 20 mg·kg^-1 BW) of thiamphenicol powder were 26.96% and 86.03%, 10.77% and 58.89%, 9.40% and 49.62%, respectively, all of which were less than 90%. The 24 h dosage for bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and eradication was calculated as 43.1, 66.4 and 78.1 mg·kg^-1 BW, respectively. These results indicate that the current dosage regimen cannot realize the bacteria cure of chicken Pasteurella multocida infection and that at least 45 mg kg^-1 BW is necessary for effectiveness.

Key words: thiamphenicol powder, PK/PD, Pasteurella multocida, efficacy revaluation

中图分类号:

S859.7

谷日飞, 张思微, 赵志杰, 宋伟硕, 张峻铭, 马晓茹, 高嫣珺, 卜仕金. 基于PK/PD模型对甲砜霉素粉在鸡口服给药方案药效再评价[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 4007-4017.

GU Rifei, ZHANG Siwei, ZHAO Zhijie, SONG Weishuo, ZHANG Junming, MA Xiaoru, GAO Yanjun, BU Shijin. Effectiveness Revaluation of Thiamphenicol Powder Oral Dosage Regimen in Chickens Based on PK/PD Model[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 4007-4017.

图/表 6

图 1

图 2

表 1

图 3

图 4

表 2

参考文献 39

1	国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. (2024-02-29)[2024-08-21]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202402/t20240228_1947915.html.
	National Bureau Statistics. Statistical bulletin of the People's Republic of China on 2023 national economic and social development[EB/OL]. (2024-02-29)[2024-08-21]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202402/t20240228_1947915.html. (in Chinese)
2	YEHIAN,SALEMH M,MAHMMODY,et al.Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review[J]. Poult Sci,2023,102(5):102553. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553
3	XIAOJ,LIY,HUZ,et al.Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from ducks in China from 2017 to 2019[J].Microb Pathog,2021,160,105196. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105196
4	熊诗玉,彭靖挥,蒋红霞,等.禽霍乱诊断与防控[J].养禽与禽病防治,2023(10):2-9.
	XIONGS Y,PENGJ H,JIANGH X,et al.Diagnosis and control of cholera in poultry[J].Poultry Husbandry and Disease Control,2023(10):2-9.
5	ISLAMM S,RAHMANM T.A comprehensive review on bacterial vaccines combating antimicrobial resistance in poultry[J].Vaccines (Basel),2023,11(3):616. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030616
6	林庆华.抗生素在兽医临床应用上的进展[J].福建畜牧兽医,2000(3):39-44.
	LINQ H.Advances in clinical application of antibiotics in veterinary medicine[J].Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2000(3):39-44.
7	中国兽药典委员会.中华人民共和国兽药典[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2020.
	Commission of Chinese Veterinanry Pharmacopoeia.Veterinary pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2020.
8	中国兽药典委员会.兽药质量标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.
	Commission of Chinese Veterinanry Pharmacopoeia.Quality standard for veterinary drugs[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2017.
9	吴福林.兽药地方标准升国家标准工作说明[J].农村养殖技术(新兽医),2006(4):43-46.
	WUF L.Explanation of upgrading local standards to national standards for veterinary drugs[J].Rural Breeding Technology (New Veterinary),2006(4):43-46.
10	EUROPEAN MEDICINES AGENCY. Committee for veterinary medicinal products thiamphenicol summery report(2)[R]. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 1997. [2024-08-21]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/mrl-report/thiamphenicol-summary-report-2-committee-veterinary-medicinal-products_en.pdf.
11	PALMERM E,ANDREWSL J,ABBEYT C,et al.The importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in antimicrobial drug development and their influence on the success of agents developed to combat resistant gram negative pathogens: A review[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022,13,888079. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888079
12	TOUTAINP,PELLIGANDL,LEESP,et al.The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic paradigm for antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine: Recent advances and critical appraisal[J].J Vet Pharmacol Ther,2020,44(2):172-200.
13	CHUAH C,TAMV H.Optimizing clinical outcomes through rational dosing strategies: roles of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling tools[J].Open Forum Infect Dis,2022,9(12):ofac626. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac626
14	FREIC R,WIEDERHOLDN P,BURGESSD S.Antimicrobial breakpoints for gram-negative aerobic bacteria based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models with Monte Carlo simulation[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2008,61(3):621-628. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm536
15	LEWISK.The science of antibiotic discovery[J].Cell,2020,181(1):29-45. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.056
16	COOKM A,WRIGHTG D.The past, present, and future of antibiotics[J]. Sci Transl Med,2022,14(657):eabo7793. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7793
17	WEIC F,SHIENJ H,CHANGS K,et al.Florfenicol as a modulator enhancing antimicrobial activity: example using combination with thiamphenicol against Pasteurella multocida[J].Front Microbiol,2016,7,389.
18	RATTANAPANADDAP,KUOH C,VICKROYT W,et al.In vitro and in vivo synergistic effects of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in combination against swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida[J].Front Microbiol,2019,10,2430. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02430
19	KATSUDAK,HOSHINOOK,UENOY,et al.Virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility in Pasteurella multocida isolates from calves[J].Vet Microbiol,2013,167(3-4):737-741. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.029
20	IVANCHIKN V,SUKHORUKOVAМ V,CHAGARYANА N,et al.In vitro activity of thiamphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates[J].Clin Microbiol Antimicrob Chemother,2021,23(1):92-99. doi: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99
21	INAMOTOT,KIKUCHIK,IIJIMAH,et al.Antibacterial activity of tilmicosin against Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lesions in Swine[J].J Vet Med Sci,1994,56(5):917-921. doi: 10.1292/jvms.56.917
22	徐海军,周科伟.某养鸡场禽霍乱分离菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性研究[J].家畜生态学报,2006(3):86-89.
	XUH J,ZHOUK W.Medicinal sensitivity test of Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from dead chicken in a hennery[J]. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2006(3):86-89.
23	YOSHIMURAH,ISHIMARUM,ENDOHY S,et al.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and pigs[J].J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health,2001,48(7):555-560. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2001.00468.x
24	NOED A.Parameter estimation and reporting in noncompartmental analysis of clinical pharmacokinetic data[J].Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev,2020,9(S1):S1-S35.
25	陈晓兰,卜仕金.甲砜霉素在鸡体内的药动学[J].中国兽医学报,2008(7):824-827.
	CHENX L,BUS J.Pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2008(7):824-827.
26	薛伟芳. 甲砜霉素在健康及多杀性巴氏杆菌感染鸡的药动学[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2008: 37-40.
	XUE W F. Pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in healthy and experimentally infected chickens with Pasteurella multocida[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2008: 37-40. (in Chinese)
27	辛怡霖. 甲砜霉素纳米粒的研制及其在鸡体内的药动学评价[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2022, 37-38.
	XIN Y L. Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation in hens of thiamphenicol nanoparticles[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2022, 37-38. (in Chinese)
28	张丽萍. 甲砜霉素颗粒在鸡体内残留消除规律研究[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2022, 30-37.
	ZHANG L P. Study on the elimination of thiamphenicol granules in chickens[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2022, 30-37. (in Chinese)
29	陈超群,陈佳莉,周萱仪,等.β-内酰胺类药物对副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学临界值的建立及耐药性的测定[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(11):3234-3245. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.011.025
	CHENC Q,CHENJ L,ZHOUX Y,et al.Establishment of epidemiological cut-off values and determination of drug resistance of Haemophilus parasuis with β-lactam drugs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2021,52(11):3234-3245. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.011.025
30	ANDERSSOND I,HUGHESD.Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of Antibiotics[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2014,12(7):465-478. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3270
31	European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the use of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the development of antimicrobial medicinal Products[Z](2016)[2024-08-21]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-use-pharm-acokinetics-andpharmacodynamics-development-anti-microbial-medicinal-products_en.pdf.
32	国家食品药品监督管理局. 抗菌药物药代动力学/药效学研究技术指导原则[EB/OL]. (2017-08-21)[2024-08-21]. wzx https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20170821170301371.html.
	National Medical Products Administration. Technical guidelines for pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamic studies of antimicrobials[EB/OL]. (2017-08-21)[2024-08-21]. https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20170821170301371.html(in Chinese)
33	ANDESD,CRAIGW A.Animal model pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: A critical Review[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2002,19(4):261-268. doi: 10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00022-5
34	DOREYL,PELLIGANDL,CHENGZ,et al.Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of florfenicol for the pig pneumonia pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella Multocida[J].PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0177568. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177568
35	XIAOX,LANW,ZHAOY,et al.In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling and establishment of the PK/PD cutoff of florfenicol against Pasteurella multocida in ducks[J]. Front Microbiol,2021,11,616685. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.616685
36	胡功政,苑丽,刘智明,等.氟苯尼考及其与多西环素联合的体外抗菌作用[J].中国兽医学报,2004(4):379-383.
	HUG Z,YUANL,LIUZ M,et al.Antibacterial activity of florfenicol and it's combinations with doxycycline in vitro[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2004(4):379-383.
37	ASHRAF M. The pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of renal excretion of thiamphenicol in cattle[D]. University of Minnesota, 1989.
38	谢恺舟,张小杰,陈学森,等.甲砜霉素在鸡肌肉中的残留消除规律[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(7):1150-1155.
	XIEG Z,ZHANGX J,CHENX S,et al.Thiamphenicol residue depletion in chicken muscle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2012,43(7):1150-1155.
39	卢运战. 鸡组织中甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考残留的检测方法及消除规律[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2007, 22-23.
	LU Y Z. The determination method of thiamphenicol and florfenicol residues and their elimination in chicken tissues. [D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2007, 22-23. (in Chinese)

参数 Parameter	静脉注射Ⅳ	口服PO
参数 Parameter	10 mg·kg^-1	10 mg·kg^-1	20 mg·kg^-1
C_max / (μg·mL^-1)	/	1.70±0.27	3.36±0.98
T_max /h	/	1.30±0.48	1.50±0.53
AUC_last / (μg·h·mL^-1)	13.98±5.57	4.73±0.76	12.04±3.14
AUC_inf / (μg·h·mL^-1)	14.21±5.69	5.01±0.80	12.38±3.21
MRT /h	1.31±0.55	2.45±0.49	3.15±1.09
V_C / (mL·kg^-1)	403.63±93.74	/	/
CL / mL·(kg·h) ^-1	803.11±297.78	/	/
T_1/2Z /h	1.85±1.20	2.25±1.03	2.31±1.00
F /%	/	33.84±5.43	43.08±11.23

[1]	马彩萍, 祝瑶, 刘红道, 周光斌, 许秋, 林龙华, 柴霁芸, 侯杰, 孙宏飞, 杜素素, 范翠龙, 夏利宁, 张万江. 三十四株猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分型及耐药性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 4074-4085.
[2]	王锦祥, 苏进博, 付环茹, 孙世坤, 高承芳, 陈冬金, 桑雷, 谢喜平. 兔源A型多杀性巴氏杆菌Pm3和Pm6的致病性和基因组特征分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2340-2352.
[3]	刘博华, 符汉宇, 王玉恒, 索朗斯珠, 牛家强, 包玉花, 李家奎, 徐业芬. 西藏那曲市牦牛源B型多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因组分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 3105-3118.
[4]	高洁, 李晓成, 穆杨, 张慧, 魏荣, 李劼. 荚膜B型多杀性巴氏杆菌外膜囊泡生物学特性分析与免疫效果评价[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(5): 2168-2175.
[5]	杨荣荣, 张婷, 唐萍萍, 何爽方, 赵苗苗, 雷连成, 张付贤. 产金属β-内酰胺酶猪源ST201型多杀性巴氏杆菌的耐药性和致病性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5692-5705.
[6]	沈香香, 关丽君, 张俊峰, 薛云, 司丽芳, 赵战勤. 多杀性巴氏杆菌的摄铁机制研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(11): 4852-4862.
[7]	高嫣珺, 王美红, 聂雅, 王震, 卜仕金. 基于PK/PD模型对恩诺沙星可溶性粉在鸡混饮给药方案的药效再评价[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(9): 3199-3207.
[8]	许文博, 吴丽梅, 刘鑫, 李升, 黄复深, 李润成. 1株多杀性巴氏杆菌的全基因组序列及致病相关基因分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(6): 1858-1869.
[9]	王斐, 杨洁, 吕庆杰, 王米雪, 刘鹏, 张若愚, 史聪聪, 王雪莹, 林琳, 华琳, 宋文博, 梁婉, 陈焕春, 吴斌, 彭忠. 致脑膜炎多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及全基因组重测序[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(12): 4346-4355.
[10]	杨洋, 谢黎卿, 胡沛, 高丽旭, 袁祥, 李攀, 彭远义, 李能章. 牛源A型多杀性巴氏杆菌hyaD基因缺失株的构建及其在小鼠上的交叉保护性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(10): 3582-3597.
[11]	李甜, 杨洋, 谢黎卿, 王远兰, 李攀, 彭远义, 李能章. 牛溶血性曼氏杆菌及牛荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌灭活疫苗对小鼠的保护性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(9): 2579-2588.
[12]	张亚楠, 李亚菲, 陈汝佳, 余波, 彭珊, 李婷, 蒲龄, 徐景峨. A:L1 ST128型鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌的耐药性及毒力分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(10): 2852-2863.
[13]	彭忠, 梁婉, 艾伟诚, 王斐, 华琳, 汤细彪, 陈焕春, 吴斌. 我国猪群中多杀性巴氏杆菌的基因型分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(5): 1064-1072.
[14]	李艳红, 刘洁, 李伟平, 崔雨婷, 彭远义, 吴正理. 牛A型巴氏杆菌高、低毒力株LPS激活RAW264.7细胞TLR4信号通路的比较分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(3): 620-626.
[15]	梁圣, 赵新新, 程安春. 禽霍乱新型疫苗的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(11): 2317-2325.

基于PK/PD模型对甲砜霉素粉在鸡口服给药方案药效再评价

Effectiveness Revaluation of Thiamphenicol Powder Oral Dosage Regimen in Chickens Based on PK/PD Model

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

效果 Effect	低剂量组 Low-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	推荐给药量(24 h)/(mg·kg^-1) Recommended dosage (24 h)
抑菌(E=0)	26.96%	86.03%	43.1
杀菌(E=-3)	10.77%	58.89%	66.4
清除(E=-4)	9.40%	49.62%	78.1