沐川乌骨鸡胸肌黑色素含量与PMEL17基因的关联性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究沐川乌骨鸡生长早期黑色素沉积的选育指标和分子标记，本研究选取35日龄54只沐川乌骨鸡作为研究对象，测定胸肌黑色素含量和皮肤色差，利用实时荧光定量PCR检测PMEL17基因在不同组织中的表达，利用Sanger测序挖掘PMEL17基因的SNPs位点，统计突变位点基因型频率，与胸肌黑色素含量进行关联分析。结果表明，胸肌黑色素含量与胸皮黄度b值存在极显著正相关，与腿皮L值存在显著正相关；PMEL17基因在皮肤组织中表达量最高；在PMEL17基因上共发现5处突变位点，其中SNP G-553A位点与沐川乌骨鸡黑色素沉积相关，且该突变位点上AG基因型为优势基因型。综上所述，35日龄时沐川乌骨鸡胸皮黄度b值和腿皮亮度L值可作为胸肌黑色素含量初步估测的指标；PMEL17基因与沐川乌骨鸡胸肌黑色素沉积有关联，显著相关的SNP G-553A位点可作为胸肌黑色素沉积的分子标记，本研究为沐川乌骨鸡的选育提供了理论基础，丰富了地方品种种质资源特性。

关键词: 沐川乌骨鸡, 黑色素沉积, PMEL17, SNPs

Abstract:

To investigate the selection and breeding indexes and molecular markers for melanin deposition in early growth stages of Muchuan black-bone chickens, 54 Muchuan black-bone chickens at 35 days of age were selected as research subjects to determine the melanin content of the breast muscle and skin color difference, the relative expression of PMEL17 gene in different tissues by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, the SNPs sites of PMEL17 gene by using Sanger sequencing, and statistics of genotypes frequency of the mutation sites, and their association analysis was performed with melanin content of the breast muscle. The results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between melanin content of breast muscle and breast skin yellowness b value, and a significant positive correlation with leg skin brightness L value; the PMEL17 gene was expressed highest in skin tissues; a total of 5 mutation sites were found in the PMEL17 gene, among which, the SNP G-553A locus was associated with melanin deposition in Muchuan black-bone chickens and the AG genotype was the dominant genotype at this mutation site. In conclusion, at 35 days of age, the yellowish b value of the breast skin and the brightness L value of the leg skin of Muchuan black-bone chickens could be used as indicators for the preliminary estimation of the melanin content of the breast muscle; the PMEL17 gene was associated with the melanin deposition in the breast muscle of Muchuan black-bone chickens, and the significantly related SNP G-553A could be used as a molecular marker for the melanin deposition in the breast muscle. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of Muchuan black-bone chickens and enriches the germplasm characteristics of local breeds.

Key words: Muchuan black-bone chickens, melanin deposition, PMEL17, SNPs

中图分类号:

S831.2

尹琼, 高明超, 姚秀梅, 刘昆煜, 刘玮, 揭泓蔚, 李华, 叶菲. 沐川乌骨鸡胸肌黑色素含量与PMEL17基因的关联性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 168-177.

YIN Qiong, GAO Mingchao, YAO Xiumei, LIU Kunyu, LIU Wei, JIE Hongwei, LI Hua, YE Fei. Correlation Analysis between Melanin Content in Breast Muscle and PMEL17 Gene of Muchuan Black-bone Chickens[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 168-177.

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项目 Project	引物 Primer	引物序列 Primers sequence	产物长度/bp Products length	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature
实时荧光定量PCR	GAPDH	F: GTAGTGAAGGCTGCTGCTGATG	131	60
RT-qPCR		R: CAAAGGTGGAGGAATGGCTGTC
	PMEL17	F: GCCAGAACTGCACCGTCAAT	158	60
		R: CGTCCACCACACGTAGACAAATC
Sanger测序	PMEL17	F: ATCGCATCCCCGTCCCTTATC	1 718	62.6
Sanger sequencing		R: GGACCCAACCATCCCCTTGC

位点 Site	黑色素含量 (均值±标准差) Melanin content (Mean±SD)	基因型 Genotype	个体数 Number	基因型频率 Genotype frequency	等位基因频率 Allele frequency		相关性 Correlation
位点 Site	黑色素含量 (均值±标准差) Melanin content (Mean±SD)	基因型 Genotype	个体数 Number	基因型频率 Genotype frequency	等位基因频率 Allele frequency		P	r
106	115.07±9.1	GG	33	0.611	A	G	0.620	0.069
	122.13±23.04	AG	10	0.370	0.296	0.704
	101.74±0.00	AA	1	0.019
162	116.49±8.03	CC	8	0.148	C	T	0.610	0.071
	116.42±10.94	CT	27	0.500	0.398	0.602
	119.27±23.51	TT	19	0.352
332	116.43±15.04	GG	37	0.685	A	G	0.818	-0.032
	122.26±20.73	AG	12	0.222	0.204	0.796
	113.28±9.17	AA	5	0.093
553	112.4±13.33^ab	AA	9	0.167	A	G	0.032^*	0.292
	113.05±9.48^b	GG	21	0.389	0.389	0.611
	123.16±19.75^a	AG	24	0.444
662	114.98±10.58	AG	18	0.333	A	G	0.871	0.023
	118.66±18.16	GG	36	0.667	0.167	0.833

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