鸡传染性贫血病毒对SPF鸡的致病特性及其排毒规律研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.031

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 5684-5691.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.031

鸡传染性贫血病毒对SPF鸡的致病特性及其排毒规律研究

冯笑艳¹(), 胡明雪¹, 林雨萌¹, 高宏雷¹, 于海波², 刘长军¹, 祁小乐¹, 张伟², 张艳萍¹^,*(), 高玉龙¹^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所，动物疫病防控全国重点实验室，哈尔滨 150069
2. 中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所，国家禽类实验动物资源库，哈尔滨 150069

收稿日期:2024-02-18 出版日期:2024-12-23 发布日期:2024-12-27
通讯作者: 张艳萍,高玉龙 E-mail:2075586214@qq.com;zhangyanping03@caas.cn;gaoyulong@caas.cn
作者简介:冯笑艳(1998-)，女，河南郑州人，硕士生，主要从事兽医微生物及其分子生物学研究，E-mail：2075586214@qq.com
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0710500)；现代农业产业体系肉鸡体系(CARS-41)

Pathogenicity and Shedding Virus of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus on SPF Chickens

FENG Xiaoyan¹(), HU Mingxue¹, LIN Yumeng¹, GAO Honglei¹, YU Haibo², LIU Changjun¹, QI Xiaole¹, ZHANG Wei², ZHANG Yanping¹^,*(), GAO Yulong¹^,*()

1. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
2. National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin 150069, China

Received:2024-02-18 Online:2024-12-23 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: ZHANG Yanping, GAO Yulong E-mail:2075586214@qq.com;zhangyanping03@caas.cn;gaoyulong@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在了解鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)对SPF鸡的致病性、排毒规律及水平传播能力。本研究将CAV JL17/1204株经腹腔接种和同居接触感染1日龄及28日龄SPF鸡，在感染后3 d(dpi)、5 dpi、7 dpi、9 dpi、11 dpi、14 dpi、21 dpi、28 dpi、42 dpi、56 dpi、84 dpi和112 dpi，感染组和同居组分别采集3只鸡的抗凝血并剖检，以检测其贫血、胸腺萎缩情况；每个时间点另采集每组20只鸡的咽拭子和肛拭子通过PCR方法进行排毒检测。临床观察结果显示，1日龄感染组和同居组鸡的死亡率分别为50.0%和10.0%，死亡时间为12~15 dpi；28日龄感染组和同居组鸡感染后无死亡。剖检结果显示，各组发病鸡出现胸腺萎缩和/或贫血症状，1日龄感染组和同居组发病率分别为100.0%和20.0%；28日龄感染组和同居组发病率分别为10.0%和8.0%。排毒检测结果显示，1日龄感染组鸡呼吸道和消化道分别从3 dpi、5 dpi开始排毒，1日龄同居组呼吸道和消化道排毒期分别为同居后5~84 d和7~42 d；28日龄感染组呼吸道和消化道排毒期分别为感染后3~9 dpi和5~14 dpi；28日龄同居组呼吸道和消化道排毒期分别为同居后5~9 d和5~42 d。结果提示CAV对1日龄SPF鸡致病性强，感染后可诱导鸡死亡、胸腺萎缩和/或贫血等致病特征，对28日龄SPF鸡致病性明显减弱；接种和同居感染后均经呼吸道和消化道排毒，可诱导同居接触感染鸡发病甚至死亡，表明CAV具有较强的水平传播能力。本研究结果系统阐明了CAV感染致病特征和排毒规律，为鸡群科学开展CAV的净化提供了理论指导和科学依据。

关键词: 鸡传染性贫血病毒, SPF鸡, 致病特性, 排毒规律, 水平传播

Abstract:

The object of this study was to understand the pathogenicity, virus shedding and horizontal transmission ability of chicken infectious anemia virus (CAV) on SPF chickens. In this study, 1-day-old and 28-day-old SPF chickens were infected with CAV JL17/1204 strain by intraperitoneal inoculation and cohabitation. At 3 days post infection (dpi), 5 dpi, 7 dpi, 9 dpi, 11 dpi, 14 dpi, 21 dpi, 28 dpi, 42 dpi, 56 dpi, 84 dpi and 112 dpi, the anticoagulant blood of 3 chickens in each group was collected and the thymus was dissected to detect anemia and thymus atrophy. Throat swabs and anal swabs of 20 chickens in each group were collected at each time point to detect the virus shedding by PCR method. The clinical observation results showed that the mortality rates of 1-day-old infected chickens and cohabiting infected chickens were 50.0% and 10.0%, respectively, and the death occurred at 12-15 dpi; 28-day-old infected and cohabiting infected chickens did not die. The results of autopsy showed that the thymus atrophy and/or anemia symptoms appeared in the diseased chickens of each group. The incidence rate of the 1-day-old infected chickens and the cohabiting infected chickens were 100.0% and 20.0%, respectively; The incidence of 28-day-old infected chickens and cohabiting infected chickens were 10.0% and 8.0%, respectively. The virus shedding results showed that the respiratory tract and digestive tracts of the 1-day-old infected chickens began to shed from 3 dpi and 5 dpi, respectively. The detoxification period of the respiratory and digestive tracts of the 1-day-old cohabiting infected chickens were 5-84 days and 7-42 days after cohabitation, respectively; The respiratory and digestive virus shedding periods in the 28-day-old infected chickens were 3-9 dpi and 5-14 dpi, respectively; The respiratory and digestive virus shedding periods in the 28-day-old cohabiting infected chickens were 5-9 days and 5-42 days after cohabitation, respectively. The results showed that CAV was highly pathogenic to 1-day-old SPF chickens, and could cause high mortality, thymus atrophy and/or anemia after infection, but its pathogenicity was obviously weakened to 28-day-old SPF chickens. Infected chickens excrete virus through respiratory tract and digestive tract, and the excreted virus can infect cohabiting chickens to get sick or even die, which indicates that CAV has high horizontal transmission ability. The results of this study systematically expounded the pathogenic characteristics and virus shedding of CAV infection, which provided theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the scientific purification of CAV in chickens.

Key words: chicken infectious anemia virus, SPF chickens, pathogenicity, shedding virus, horizontal transmission

中图分类号:

S831.7

冯笑艳, 胡明雪, 林雨萌, 高宏雷, 于海波, 刘长军, 祁小乐, 张伟, 张艳萍, 高玉龙. 鸡传染性贫血病毒对SPF鸡的致病特性及其排毒规律研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5684-5691.

FENG Xiaoyan, HU Mingxue, LIN Yumeng, GAO Honglei, YU Haibo, LIU Changjun, QI Xiaole, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Yanping, GAO Yulong. Pathogenicity and Shedding Virus of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus on SPF Chickens[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5684-5691.

图/表 6

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引物名称 Primer names	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequences(5′→3′)	片段大小/bp Size
CAV F	AATGAACGCTCTCCAAGAAG	580
CAV R	AGCGGATAGTCATAGTAGAT	580

感染后时间/d Days post infection	1日龄SPF鸡1 day old SPF chicken			28日龄SPF鸡28 day old SPF chicken
感染后时间/d Days post infection	感染组 Infection group	同居组 Cohabitation group	空白组 Blank group	感染组 Infection group	同居组 Cohabitation group	空白组 Blank group
9	2/3	0/3	0/3	3/3	1/3	0/3
11	3/3	2/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
14	2/3	1/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
21	2/3	1/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
28	N	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
42	N	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
56	N	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
84	N	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
112	N	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3

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鸡传染性贫血病毒对SPF鸡的致病特性及其排毒规律研究

Pathogenicity and Shedding Virus of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus on SPF Chickens

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