甜菜碱对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究甜菜碱对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响。选择108只500日龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡，随机分为3组，每组3个重复，每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加1 000、3 000 mg·kg^－1甜菜碱，试验期42 d。试验结束时，采集鸡蛋、血清、卵巢和小黄卵泡颗粒细胞。结果发现：1）与对照组相比，日粮添加甜菜碱线性提高了产蛋后期蛋鸡的产蛋率和平均蛋重（P_L<0.01），且线性提高了蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄重量（P_L<0.05）。2）与对照组相比，日粮中添加甜菜碱，血清中Prog水平呈显著线性升高（P_L<0.01），FSH和LH水平呈线性和二次升高（P_L<0.01；P_Q<0.05）。3）日粮中添加甜菜碱，线性提升了产蛋后期蛋鸡血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性和卵巢中T-AOC水平、SOD和CAT活性，线性降低了MDA水平（P_L<0.05），同时线性和二次曲线提升了血清中T-AOC水平和CAT活性，降低了MDA含量（P_L<0.01；P_Q<0.01）。此外，日粮中添加甜菜碱线性提高颗粒细胞中SOD、HO-1基因表达量（P_L<0.01），二次曲线提高了Nrf2基因的表达水平（P_Q<0.01），线性和二次曲线提高了NQO1基因的表达水平（P_L<0.01；P_Q<0.01），且显著提升了CAT基因的表达水平（P<0.05）。综上，日粮中添加甜菜碱能够增加血清中的激素水平和血清、卵巢中抗氧化酶的活性，促进小黄卵泡颗粒细胞抗氧化相关基因的表达，提高其抗氧化能力，进而提高产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能，且高剂量的添加效果优于低剂量。

关键词: 甜菜碱, 产蛋后期蛋鸡, 小黄卵泡颗粒细胞, 抗氧化性能

Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the effects of betaine on the performance and antioxidant function of late-phase laying hens. A total of 108 Hy-Line variety Brown laying hens with 500-day-old were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 12 hens in each replicate. The birds in control group were fed with the basal diet, and the experimental groups were supplemented with 1 000 and 3 000 mg·kg^-1 betaine on the basal diet respectively for 42 days. Samples of eggs, serum, ovary and granulosa cells of small yellow follicles at the end of the experiment were collected. The results showed that:1) Compared with the control group, betaine supplementation linearly increased the laying rate of layers, average egg weight (P_L<0.01) and protein height, yolk color, yolk weight in the late laying period (P_L<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the addition of betaine to the diet resulted in a significant linear increase in the level of Prog in serum (P_L<0.01), and dietary betaine linearly and quadratic increased the level of FSH and LH in serum (P_L<0.01; P_Q<0.05). 3)The addition of betaine to the diet linearly increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px in the serum, and the level of T-AOC,the activity of SOD, CAT, also linearly decreased the content of MDA in ovary(P_L<0.05). At the same time, dietary betaine linearly and quadratic increased the level of T-AOC and the activity of CAT in serum, decreased the content of MDA (P_L<0.01; P_Q<0.01). The addition of betaine to the diet linearly increased the mRNA expression levels of SOD, HO-1 (P_L<0.01),quadratic increased the mRNA expression level of Nrf2 (P_Q<0.01), linearly and quadratic increased the mRNA expression level of NQO1 (P_L<0.01; P_Q<0.01) and significantly increased the mRNA expression level of CAT (P<0.05). Collectively, the addition of betaine to the diet can increase the level of hormone in serum and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum and ovary, improve its antioxidant capacity active by promoting the expression of antioxidant related genes in small yellow follicle granulosa cells and thereby improve the production performance of late-phase laying hens. Moreover, the addition effect of high doses is better than that of low doses.

Key words: betaine, late laying hens, granulosa cells of small yellow follicles, antioxidant performance

中图分类号:

S831.5

片慧芳, 杜旭彬, 李妍, 张雨辰, 何惠, 虞德兵. 甜菜碱对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(3): 1085-1094.

PIAN Huifang, DU Xubin, LI Yan, ZHANG Yuchen, HE Hui, YU Debing. Effects of Betaine on Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Late-phase Laying Hens[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1085-1094.

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