限时采食对猪生长性能和肝代谢的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.07.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究限时采食对猪生长性能和肝转录谱及代谢谱的影响。本试验选择体重相近((56.29±1.93) kg)、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交猪12头随机分为对照组和限时采食组。每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪。对照组(CON)自由采食；限时采食组(TRF)每天饲喂3次(分别在7:00、12:00、17:00)，每次饲喂足量饲料，每次采食时间为1 h。试验共计21 d，每天记录采食量，每周称重，计算料重比。试验结束屠宰全部试验猪，采集静脉血测定血液生化指标，采集肝用于代谢组和转录组测定。结果显示，与对照组相比，限时采食组猪平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05)，料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，限时采食组猪血清总胆汁酸浓度有下降趋势(P<0.1)，而丙氨酸转氨酶和肌酸激酶的浓度有上升趋势(P<0.1)。限时采食显著增加抑制蛋白质分解基因的表达(P<0.05)，减少肝总蛋白质的分解，使肝中氨基酸水平下降。此外，限时采食还显著上调脂肪酸代谢相关基因的表达(P<0.05)，增加肝脂肪的合成，减少肝脂肪酸含量。综上所述，限时采食可以影响肝中的氮代谢和氨基酸代谢，改变脂肪酸和蛋白质在肝中的代谢，进而调控生长猪对营养物质的利用并影响猪的生长性能，这提示可以通过饲喂模式改善动物生长和代谢。

关键词: 猪, 肝, 代谢谱, 转录谱, 限时采食

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the growth performance and liver transcriptional and metabolomic profiles of growing pigs. A total of 12 healthy growing Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs with similar body weight ((56.29±1.93) kg) were selected in the present study and were randomly divided into the control group (CON) and time-restricted feeding group (TRF), each group had six replicates with one pig per replicate (pen). Pigs in the CON group had free access to feed throughout the whole experimental period. While pigs in the TRF group were fed three times per day at 7:00, 12:00, and 17:00, respectively, each feeding time lasted for an hour, and pigs were fed ad libitum during the feeding time. During the 21 d-experiment, feed intake of the pigs was recorded daily. Pigs were weighed weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio (FCR). At the end of the experiment, all pigs were slaughtered, venous blood was collected to determine biochemical parameters, and liver tissues were collected for the determination of metabolome and transcriptome. The results showed that the average daily gain of pigs in the TRF group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P<0.05), and the FCR in the TRF group was significantly lower than that in the CON group (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of total bile acid in serum of pigs in the TRF group trended to decrease (P<0.1), and concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase trended to increase (P<0.1). TRF significantly increased the expression of genes concerning the inhibiting protein decomposition (P<0.05), and reduced the decomposition of proteins in the liver, and thus decreased the level of amino acids in the liver. In addition, TRF also significantly increased the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism (P<0.05), increased liver fat synthesis and reduced liver fatty acids content. In conclusion, TRF can affect nitrogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism, change the metabolism of fatty acids and proteins in the liver, and then regulate the utilization of nutrients by growing pigs and affect the growth performance of pigs. These results collectively indicate that the growth performance and metabolism of growing pigs can be improved through regulating feeding regime.

Key words: pig, liver, metabolomic profile, transcriptional profile, time-restricted feeding

中图分类号:

S828.42

夏鹏轲, 王红玉, 张贺, 苏勇, 朱伟云. 限时采食对猪生长性能和肝代谢的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(7): 2228-2238.

XIA Pengke, WANG Hongyu, ZHANG He, SU Yong, ZHU Weiyun. Effects of Time-restricted Feeding on the Growth Performance and Liver Metabolism of Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(7): 2228-2238.

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