光学相干断层扫描在兽医眼科学中的运用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.015

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 1648-1663.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.015

光学相干断层扫描在兽医眼科学中的运用

胥辉豪¹^,²^,*(), 杜昕悦¹, 邓航¹, 彭韵颖¹, 杨恒¹, 张德志¹, 曹礼静³, 郑小波¹, 甘玲¹^,*()

1. 西南大学动物医学院, 重庆 402460
2. 西南大学发光分析与分子传感教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400700
3. 重庆市荣昌区职业教育中心, 重庆 402460

收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2025-04-23 发布日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者: 胥辉豪,甘玲 E-mail:xuhuihao2dai@163.com;gl9089@swu.edu.cn
作者简介:胥辉豪(1983-), 男, 重庆人, 副教授, 博士, 主要从事兽医外、产科学、兽医眼科学与肿瘤学等研究
杜昕悦(1998-), 女, 云南昆明人, 硕士生, 主要从事兽医眼科学研究
基金资助:
国家万人计划教学名师工作室学员专项能力提升计划(4412200999)；重庆市现代农业产业技术体系资助(CQMAITS202312)；2023年西南大学教育教学改革专项(7140100026)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU-KT22015)；西南大学实验技术研究项目(SYJ2020013)；深圳市瑞鹏公益基金会高校青年教师(小动物临床)科研基金(RPJJ2020001)

Application and Research Advance of Optical Coherence Tomography in Veterinary Ophthalmology

XU Huihao¹^,²^,*(), DU Xinyue¹, DENG Hang¹, PENG Yunying¹, YANG Heng¹, ZHANG Dezhi¹, CAO Lijing³, ZHENG Xiaobo¹, GAN Ling¹^,*()

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
2. Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400700, China
3. Chongqing Rongchang Vocatiaonal Education Center, Chongqing 402460, China

Received:2025-06-05 Online:2025-04-23 Published:2025-04-28
Contact: XU Huihao, GAN Ling E-mail:xuhuihao2dai@163.com;gl9089@swu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography，OCT)是一种非接触、非侵入式的影像学检查手段，被广泛应用于人类眼科临床与科研中。近年来，随着临床兽医学的飞速发展，OCT检测技术在小动物医学、比较眼科学以及野生动物中也逐渐得到应用。现就OCT技术在不同动物的各种眼科疾病的诊断与眼科学研究中的运用与进展进行综述，旨在为兽医眼科相关疾病的临床诊断及比较医学提供有意义的指导与参考。

关键词: 光学相干断层扫描, 兽医眼科, 角膜, 视网膜, 青光眼

Abstract:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact, non-invasive imaging technique widely used in human clinical ophthalmology and research. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of veterinary clinical medicine, OCT detection technology has been applied gradually in small animal medicine, comparative ophthalmology, and wildlife medicine. This article reviews the application and progress of OCT technology in the diagnosis and research of various ophthalmic diseases in different animals, aiming to provide meaningful guidance and reference for the clinical diagnosis of veterinary ophthalmic diseases and comparative medicine.

Key words: OCT, veterinary ophthalmology, cornea, retina, glaucoma

中图分类号:

S857.6

胥辉豪, 杜昕悦, 邓航, 彭韵颖, 杨恒, 张德志, 曹礼静, 郑小波, 甘玲. 光学相干断层扫描在兽医眼科学中的运用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(4): 1648-1663.

XU Huihao, DU Xinyue, DENG Hang, PENG Yunying, YANG Heng, ZHANG Dezhi, CAO Lijing, ZHENG Xiaobo, GAN Ling. Application and Research Advance of Optical Coherence Tomography in Veterinary Ophthalmology[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1648-1663.

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表 1

OCT在兽医眼科中的应用"

OCT分类 OCT classification		原理 Principle	兽医眼科学中的应用 Application in veterinary ophthalmology	所用物种 Species
时域OCT Time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT)		TD-OCT基于低相干干涉原理，通过测量光波反射生成内部结构横截面图像，提供强大穿透力的图像。但由于其扫描波长较长，图像分辨率较低	研究初期应用，发展至今是一种成熟的技术，并在诊断领域的应用较多。TD-OCT相对SD-OCT分辨率较低，速度有限，同时相对便宜，直接识别某些组织如Schwalbe线(SL)具有挑战性，同时与SD-OCT相比可靠性指标较低，主要用于基础研究和初步临床应用	犬
傅里叶域 OCT Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT)	谱域OCT Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)	SD-OCT利用光谱分析，实现更高分辨率和更快扫描速度。SD-OCT可收集单个横截面或形成完整三维(3D)图像，通过不同组织光学特性的变化导致不同的反射强度生成不同信号，储存为图像数据，从而测量不同组织厚度	SD-OCT的图像分辨率得到提高，广泛应用于眼前节和眼后节检查，如角膜厚度测量、前葡萄膜炎诊断、视网膜疾病检测、青光眼的研究，甚至检测很小的结构，甚至可以检测很小的结构，例如后弹力层膜的末端，或者测量较为虹膜角角参数	犬、猫、鼠、兔、马、蛇、蝾螈
傅里叶域 OCT Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT)	前节OCT Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)	AS-OCT是SD-OCT的一种改进形式，专门用于眼前节结构成像，例如提供可视化的角度几何形状，能为眼前节的定性和定量分析提供详细的横截面图像。AS-OCT利用自适应光学元件来校正波前畸变，具有出色的操作间可重复性。其子类别包括超高分辨率OCT，光谱OCT等AS-OCT，实现低于2 μm的轴向分辨率和散射和吸收特定光谱等功能	用于评估角膜厚度、前房角、Schlemm管、虹膜基质形态、厚度等结构，适用于角膜水肿、角膜异物、前葡萄膜炎，评估泪液清除率(TCR)	犬、猫、猪、猴、猫头鹰、小鼠、兔
	扫频OCT Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)	SS-OCT使用扫频激光器，通过使用快速可调谐的窄带激光器作为扫描光源，能在很短时间内顺序改变发射光的波长，实现高分辨率、高灵敏度和高速度成像。相比SD-OCT，SS-OCT能够降低灵敏度衰减和降低样品运动引起的条纹冲刷伪影。由于SS-OCT的实时成像能力，适用于动态观察生物组织的变化	详细检查眼底和视网膜结构，评估和监测各种视网膜以及视网膜血流的改变，研究眼后节脉络膜的灌注以及定量检测视网膜层厚度变化	鼠、白鲟、猫头鹰
偏振敏感OCT Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT)		PS-OCT能够同时提供组织的偏振特性以及传统OCT的结构信息。由于不同组织对偏振光的相互作用不同，某些组织会导致偏振态的改变，PS-OCT通过分析这些变化例如双折射变化和偏振散射变化等提供额外信息。PS-OCT用于眼后节结构成像，提供视网膜和脉络膜精细影像，并检测测视网膜神经纤维层中胶原纤维的双折射变化，这是传统OCT无法实现的	用于眼前节以及后节的疾病的病例，如研究角膜中双折射异常情况，圆锥角膜，检测视网膜劈裂、视网膜萎缩、SARDS、PRA等视网膜疾病，为青光眼的早期诊断和治疗提供依据	鼠、兔

表 1

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光学相干断层扫描在兽医眼科学中的运用

Application and Research Advance of Optical Coherence Tomography in Veterinary Ophthalmology

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