昆明犬3~12月龄行为特征纵向研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.017

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 657-665.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.017

昆明犬3~12月龄行为特征纵向研究

方绍勤¹^,²(), 尹洪伟³, 李杰¹^,², 徐虎¹^,², 万揆¹^,², 牟玉莲⁴^,*()

1. 公安部昆明警犬基地, 昆明 650204
2. 警犬技术公安部重点实验室, 昆明 650204
3. 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所, 深圳 518120
4. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-07-05 出版日期:2025-02-23 发布日期:2025-02-26
通讯作者: 牟玉莲 E-mail:fsq29@163.com;mouyulian@caas.cn
作者简介:方绍勤(1984-)，男，云南镇雄人，副教授，主要从事昆明犬行为研究，E-mail: fsq29@163.com
基金资助:
公安部技术研究重点项目(2022JSZ17)

A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Characteristics in Kunming Dogs Aged 3 to 12 Months

FANG Shaoqin¹^,²(), YIN Hongwei³, LI Jie¹^,², XU Hu¹^,², WAN Kui¹^,², MU Yulian⁴^,*()

1. Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming 650204, China
2. Key Laboratory of Police Dog Technology of Ministry of Public Security, Kunming 650204, China
3. Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
4. Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-07-05 Online:2025-02-23 Published:2025-02-26
Contact: MU Yulian E-mail:fsq29@163.com;mouyulian@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究昆明犬行为特征发展规律，并探索其与月龄、性别之间的关联。本研究选取昆明犬幼犬100头(公、母各50头)，从3~12月龄进行纵向研究，对其行为特征4个核心指标即奔跑速度、占有欲望、环境适应和嗅觉能力进行测试及差异分析，每月测试一次。结果表明，昆明犬的奔跑速度在幼犬阶段至成年阶段逐渐提高，性别对奔跑速度的影响较小；占有欲望方面，母犬在特定月龄表现出更强烈的占有欲望，而公犬则保持稳定趋势；社会适应方面，昆明犬在3~12月龄呈现出稳步上升的趋势，但性别差异显著，除特定月龄外，母犬社会适应性和公犬相比较弱；嗅觉能力方面，昆明犬保持相对稳定的高水平，未表现出明显的上升趋势。根据工作犬的生理、行为和受训内容，确定以奔跑速度、占有欲望、环境适应和嗅觉能力4个核心指标表征昆明犬行为特征，4个核心指标在月龄和性别方面各具特点，呈现出昆明犬的优势特征与不足，为昆明犬的性状选育、种群发展和训练使用等提供更加全面和科学的依据。

关键词: 昆明犬, 行为特征, 核心指标, 纵向研究

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to study the developmental patterns of behavioral characteristics of Kunming dogs and to explore their associations with age and gender. A total of 100 Kunming puppy dogs (50 males and 50 females) were selected and longitudinally studied from 3 to 12 months of age. Their behavioral characteristics were tested and analyzed for 4 core indicators: running speed, possession, social adaptation and olfactory ability, with tests conducted once a month. The results showed that the running speed of Kunming dogs gradually increased from the puppy stage to the adult stage, with gender having a minimal impact on running speed; in terms of possession, female dogs exhibited a stronger desire to possess at specific ages, while male dogs maintained a stable trend; in terms of social adaptation, Kunming dogs showed a steady upward trend from 3 to 12 months of age, but there was a significant gender difference, with female dogs being relatively less socially adaptable than male dogs, except at specific ages; in terms of olfactory ability, Kunming dogs maintained a relatively stable high level and did not show a clear upward trend. Based on the physiology, behavior, and training content of working dogs, the 4 core indicators of running speed, possession, social adaptation and olfactory ability are used to characterize the behavioral characteristics of Kunming dogs. These 4 core indicators each have their own characteristics in terms of age and gender, showing the strengths and weaknesses of Kunming dogs, and providing a more comprehensive and scientific basis for the breeding selection, population development, and training use of Kunming dogs.

Key words: Kunming dog, behavioral characteristics, core index, longitudinal study

中图分类号:

S829.2

方绍勤, 尹洪伟, 李杰, 徐虎, 万揆, 牟玉莲. 昆明犬3~12月龄行为特征纵向研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 657-665.

FANG Shaoqin, YIN Hongwei, LI Jie, XU Hu, WAN Kui, MU Yulian. A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Characteristics in Kunming Dogs Aged 3 to 12 Months[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 657-665.

图/表 6

表 1

图 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

参考文献 18

1	李静, 程鲁光, 万九生, 等. 昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53 (5): 1455- 1464.
	LI J , CHENG L G , WAN J S , et al. A study of genetic population structure analysis and selection signatures in Kunming dog[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53 (5): 1455- 1464.
2	黎立光, 强京宁, 宋兴国, 等. 昆明犬的研究综述[J]. 中国工作犬业, 2007, (1): 13- 15.
	LI L G , QIANG J N , SONG X G , et al. Review on the research of Kunming dog[J]. Zhongguo Gongzuo Quanye, 2007, (1): 13- 15.
3	LI J X , HUANG Q G , WANG S Z , et al. Behavioral evidence for the origin of Chinese Kunming dog[J]. Curr Zool, 2021, 67 (4): 469- 471. doi: 10.1093/cz/zoaa081
4	黄庆国, 徐虎, 陈方良, 等. 昆明犬警用行为测试方法及效度相关性研究[J]. 今日畜牧兽医, 2019, 35 (3): 10- 12.
	HUANG Q G , XU H , CHEN F L , et al. Police behavioral test methods and validity correlation study of Kunming dogs[J]. Today Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 35 (3): 10- 12.
5	张建华, 赵勤涛, 魏荣兴, 等. 中系德国牧羊犬与展示型德国牧羊犬幼犬警用性能的比较研究[J]. 今日畜牧兽医, 2019, 35 (1): 3- 4.
	ZHANG J H , ZHAO Q T , WEI R X , et al. A comparative study on police performance of Chinese-bred German shepherds and show-type German shepherds in puppyhood[J]. Today Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 35 (1): 3- 4.
6	LAZAROWSKI L , ROGERS B , KRICHBAUM S , et al. Validation of a behavior test for predicting puppies' suitability as detection dogs[J]. Animals, 2021, 11 (4): 993. doi: 10.3390/ani11040993
7	方绍勤, 万揆, 黄秋月, 等. 我国昆明犬发展困境与破局[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2024, 52 (18): 71- 77.
	FANG S Q , WAN K , HUANG Q Y , et al. Development dilemma and breakdown of Chinese Kunming dog[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52 (18): 71- 77.
8	方绍勤, 徐虎, 黎立光, 等. 3品种工作犬幼犬警用行为测试[J]. 西北农业学报, 2021, 30 (6): 789- 795.
	FANG S Q , XU H , LI L G , et al. Cross analysis of police behavioural traits among three breeds of working dog[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2021, 30 (6): 789- 795.
9	孙勇, 宋天童. 大型安保勤务中警犬安检技术团队组建模式探析[J]. 中国人民公安大学学报: 自然科学版, 2017, 23 (1): 55- 59.
	SUN Y , SONG T T . Analysis of the model for establishing police dog security inspection technology teams in large-scale security operations[J]. Journal of People's Public Security University of China: Science and Technology, 2017, 23 (1): 55- 59.
10	VÉKONY K , PONGRÁCZ P . Many faces of dominance: the manifestation of cohabiting companion dogs' rank in competitive and non-competitive scenarios[J]. Anim Cogn, 2024, 27, 12.
11	JUNTTILA S , VALROS A , MÄKI K , et al. Breed differences in social cognition, inhibitory control, and spatial problem-solving ability in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)[J]. Sci Rep, 2022, 12 (1): 22529.
12	邱小燕, 陈伊轲, 肖雄, 等. 白绒山羊和美利奴羊对颜色和左右空间的认知识别能力的差异性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49 (11): 2384- 2393.
	QIU X Y , CHEN Y K , XIAO X , et al. The difference between white cashmere goats and merino sheep in cognitive abilities for visual and spatial discriminations[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2018, 49 (11): 2384- 2393.
13	BREER H . Olfactory receptors: molecular basis for recognition and discrimination of odors[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2003, 377 (3): 427- 433.
14	BRAY E E , GRUEN M E , GNANADESIKAN G E , et al. Dog cognitive development: a longitudinal study across the first 2 years of life[J]. Anim Cogn, 2021, 24 (2): 311- 328.
15	王淑贤, 张鹏浩, 刘小俊, 等. 双相情感障碍患者甲状腺激素水平的性别差异[J]. 临床心身疾病杂志, 2023, 29 (5): 1- 6.
	WANG S X , ZHANG P H , LIU X J , et al. Gender differences of thyroid hormone levels in bipolar disorder patients[J]. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases, 2023, 29 (5): 1- 6.
16	RIGAUT C , GIAPRAKIS A , DERUYVER L , et al. The air conditioning in the nose of mammals depends on their mass and on their maximal running speed[J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14 (1): 9053.
17	MORRILL K , HEKMAN J , LI X , et al. Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular breed stereotypes[J]. Science, 2022, 376 (6592): eabk0639.
18	KORTEKAAS K , KOTRSCHAL K . Social context influences resting physiology in dogs[J]. Animals, 2020, 10 (12): 2214.

项目 Item	平均值±标准差 Mean±Standard	分值 Value of a score	数量 Quantities	百分比/% Percent
奔跑速度/(m·s^-1) Running speed	7.22±1.98	[9.0]	277	27.70
		[8.0, 9.0)	117	11.70
		[6.0, 8.0)	321	32.10
		[4.0, 6.0)	218	21.80
		[4.0)	67	6.70
占有欲望 Possession	3.91±1.05	5	400	40.00
		4	215	21.50
		3	298	29.80
		2	72	7.20
		1	15	1.50
社会适应 Social adaptation	3.86±0.91	5	319	31.90
		4	253	25.30
		3	397	39.70
		2	30	3.00
		1	1	0.10
嗅觉能力 Olfactory ability	4.12±1.12	5	523	52.30
		4	197	19.70
		3	194	19.40
		2	47	4.70
		1	39	3.90

昆明犬3~12月龄行为特征纵向研究

A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Characteristics in Kunming Dogs Aged 3 to 12 Months

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 18

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价