昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.013

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1455-1464.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.013

昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析

李静^1,2,3, 程鲁光^2,3, 万九生^2,3, 陈超^2,3, 邓卫东^1*, 张正红^2,3, 张志^2,3, 黎立光^2,3

1. 云南农业大学动物科技学院, 昆明 650201;
2. 公安部昆明警犬基地, 昆明 650201;
3. 公安部警犬技术重点实验室, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2021-08-26 出版日期:2022-05-23 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: 邓卫东,主要从事畜禽重要性状的功能基因组学研究,E-mail:1692425306@qq.com
作者简介:李静(1989-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布人,助理研究员,博士生,主要从事警犬遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:ljjy_6660@126.com;程鲁光(1985-),男,山东梁山人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事警犬遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:clg.108@163.com。李静和程鲁光为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
公安部科技强警基础工作专项项目(2021JC25)；云南省科技厅科技计划项目基础研究计划项目青年项目(2019FD025)；公安部技术研究计划项目(2018JSYJB06)

A Study of Genetic Population Structure Analysis and Selection Signatures in Kunming Dog

LI Jing^1,2,3, CHENG Luguang^2,3, WAN Jiusheng^2,3, CHEN Chao^2,3, DENG Weidong^1*, ZHANG Zhenghong^2,3, ZHANG Zhi^2,3, LI Liguang^2,3

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
2. Kunming Police Dog Base, Ministry of Public Security, Kunming 650201, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Police Dog Technology, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2021-08-26 Online:2022-05-23 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在以昆明犬为主要研究对象探究昆明犬-国内唯一培育并广泛使用的工作犬品种的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。本试验共采集16头昆明犬(3个品系)、4头马里努阿犬、4头德国牧羊犬血样并提取基因组DNA，用Illumina CanineHD Beadchip芯片对24头3个品种犬进行主成分分析(PCA)、STRUCTURE和邻接(NJ)树分析，检测3个品种警犬的遗传群体结构，并分析昆明犬选育中可能受到选择的候选基因。结果显示，芯片数据根据质控标准最终有86 270个SNPs被筛选出来用于分析。STRUCTURE群体结构分析表明，K=2时德国牧羊犬(DM)和其他品种犬完全区分开来，K=3时马里努阿犬(ML)可以和其他两个品种区分出来，昆明犬中存在部分德国牧羊犬的杂合。PCA和NJ树分析均能将3个品种犬清楚地分开。通过在常染色体上设置500 kb的滑动窗口和将这些区域注释后得到22个在昆明犬品种形成过程中可能受到正选择的基因，主要是参与腺苷酸环化酶活化g蛋白偶联受体信号通路的基因及蛋白和在神经元轴突的生长锥中影响轴突和前导突起生长的基因。本研究探讨了中国昆明犬与其他品种犬的遗传关系,为昆明犬受到强烈的人工选择而产生调节学习、记忆、应激刺激等适应的遗传机制提供了重要的参考。

关键词: 家犬, 昆明犬, SNP芯片, 群体结构, 选择信号

Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore genetic diversity and population structure of Kunming dog, which is the only domesticated and widely used as working dog in China.The blood samples of 16 Kunming dogs (3 strains), 4 Malinois dogs and 4 German Shepherds were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The genetic population structure of the 3 breeds of police dogs was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), STRUCTURE and neighboring (NJ) trees by Illumina Caninehd Beadchip chip. Genomic selection footprints analysis was used to identify candidate genes that were selected during domestication and improvement of Kunming dog. The results showed that 86 270 SNPs were selected for analysis according to the quality control standards of chip data. Population STRUCTURE analysis showed that German Shepherd was completely distinguishable from other breeds when k=2. Malinois could be distinguished from other breeds when k=3, but there were some heterozygous German Shepherds in Kunming dogs. Three police dog breeds could be clearly separated by PCA analysis and NJ tree analysis. After setting a sliding window of 500 kb on the autosomes and annotating these regions, 22 candidate genes that may be selected during the domestication and improvement of Kunming dog.The first category was the genes and proteins which participated in adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.Another type of gene had the function of polymerizing and stabilizing microtubules in the growth cones of neuronal axons, and affecting the growth of axons and leading protrusions. The results of this study investigated the genetic relationship between Kunming dog and other police dogs.It provide an important reference for exploring the adaptive mechanisms of Kunming dogs, such as learning, memory and stress stimulation, which are produced by strong artificial selection.

Key words: domestic dog, Kunming dog, SNP chip, population structure, selection signature

中图分类号:

S829.2

李静, 程鲁光, 万九生, 陈超, 邓卫东, 张正红, 张志, 黎立光. 昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(5): 1455-1464.

LI Jing, CHENG Luguang, WAN Jiusheng, CHEN Chao, DENG Weidong, ZHANG Zhenghong, ZHANG Zhi, LI Liguang. A Study of Genetic Population Structure Analysis and Selection Signatures in Kunming Dog[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1455-1464.

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昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析

A Study of Genetic Population Structure Analysis and Selection Signatures in Kunming Dog

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