OPU卵母细胞体外成熟体系的优化研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，体外胚胎生产（in vitro embryo production，IVP）技术取得了很大进步，尤其是卵母细胞活体采卵（ovum pick-up，OPU）技术得到广泛应用。OPU是20世纪90年代发展起来的一项新型的能获得优秀种母牛卵母细胞的技术，该技术在动物胚胎生产和发育机理研究及人类辅助生育技术临床实践中有着广阔的应用前景。可以提高种母畜和珍贵野生动物的资源保护效率，提高优良母畜的遗传潜力，为奶牛生物技术发展提供必要的支撑技术。卵母细胞的质量是IVP系统取得成功的关键，卵母细胞的体外成熟（in vitro maturation，IVM）是成功受精和胚胎发育必不可少的步骤。卵母细胞IVM完成了卵母细胞的细胞质和核成熟，准备了发育至胚胎基因组激活所必需的所有必要成分。但体外成熟的卵母细胞发育能力低于体内成熟卵母细胞，卵母细胞减数分裂和细胞核质成熟不同步，氧化应激损伤等对卵母细胞成功受精和胚胎发育非常重要，因此，需要进一步提高卵母细胞体外成熟能力，以改善牛体外胚胎生产系统。本文从卵母细胞体外成熟面临的核质成熟不同步，氧化应激等问题进行概述，同时，叙述C型钠肽、褪黑素、FLI等物质对卵母细胞IVM的改善作用，以期为OPU卵母细胞体外成熟体系的优化提供一定的参考。

关键词: OPU, 卵母细胞, 体外成熟, 牛

Abstract: Recent years, techniques for in vitro embryo production (IVP) have advanced significantly, especially the ovum pick-up (OPU) technology grows widely. OPU is a new technology developed in the 1990 s that can obtain oocytes from excellent breeding heifers, which has a broad application prospect in the research of the mechanism of animal embryo production and development and in the clinical practice of human assisted reproductive technology. It can improve the resource protection efficiency of breeding females and precious wild animals, and the genetic potential of excellent females, and provide the necessary supporting technology for the development of cattle biotechnology. The quality of oocytes is the key to the success of the IVP system, and the in vitro maturation (IVM) process of the oocytes is critical for successful fertilization and embryo development. Oocyte IVM completes the cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of the oocyte, preparing all necessary components for development to the activation of the embryonic genome. Developmental ability of oocytes matured in vitro is lower than that of oocytes matured in vivo, non-synchronization of oocyte meiosis and nucleocytoplasmic maturation, oxidative stress damage, et al are important for successful fertilization and embryo development. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the in vitro maturation ability of oocytes to improve the bovine IVP system. In this paper, the problems of in vitro maturation of oocytes such as non-synchronization of nucleocytoplasmic maturation and oxidative stress were summarized, as well as the improvement effects of C-type natriuretic peptide, melatonin, FLI and other substances on oocytes IVM were discussed in order to improve the bovine IVP system.

Key words: OPU, oocyte, in vitro maturation, bovine

中图分类号:

S814.6

张培培, 郝海生, 杜卫华, 朱化彬, 李树静, 余文莉, 赵学明. OPU卵母细胞体外成熟体系的优化研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(4): 1359-1369.

ZHANG Peipei, HAO Haisheng, DU Weihua, ZHU Huabin, LI Shujing, YU Wenli, ZHAO Xueming. A Review of Optimization of in vitro Maturation System of OPU Oocytes[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1359-1369.

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