西藏高原藏猪盲肠微生物群落结构与多样性的研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.09.012

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2147-2155.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.09.012

西藏高原藏猪盲肠微生物群落结构与多样性的研究

谭占坤^1,2,3, 商振达^2,3, 刘锁珠^2,3*, 商鹏², 强巴央宗^1,2*

1. 西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所, 林芝 860000;
2. 西藏农牧学院动物科学学院, 林芝 860000;
3. 西藏高原饲料加工工程研究中心, 林芝 860000

收稿日期:2020-01-09 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-09-25
通讯作者: 强巴央宗,主要从事高原动物遗传资源保护与利用研究,E-mail:qbyz628@126.com;刘锁珠,主要从事动物营养机理与饲料资源开发研究,E-mail:L-szh@163.com
作者简介:谭占坤(1986-),男,四川武胜人,讲师,博士生,主要从事高原动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:tanzhankun@foxmail.com
基金资助:
2019年度西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划项目（YJS2019-24）；中央财政支持地方高校发展专项资金（ZZXT2019-02）；2019年西藏自治区厅校联合基金重点项目（XZ2019ZRG-55Z）；西藏高原饲料加工工程研究中心项目（XZJYT2018GCZX）

Study on the Cecal Microbial Community Structure and Diversity of Tibetan Pigs in Tibetan Plateau

TAN Zhankun^1,2,3, SHANG Zhenda^2,3, LIU Suozhu^2,3*, SHANG Peng², QIANGBA Yangzong^1,2*

1. Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
3. Tibetan Plateau Feed Processing Engineering Research Center, Linzhi 860000, China

Received:2020-01-09 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探讨西藏高原放牧藏猪、舍饲藏猪与瘦肉型猪（杜×长×大，DLY猪）盲肠微生物的群落组成及多样性，从而部分揭示西藏高原藏猪肠道微生物的特异性。选用日龄相近的放牧藏猪、舍饲藏猪及DLY猪各5头，放牧藏猪由林芝本地农牧民采用传统方式放牧养殖，舍饲藏猪及DLY猪圈养并饲喂相同饲粮，160日龄时前腔静脉放血屠宰，采集盲肠食糜于液氮速冻待测。采用高通量测序技术测定样品16S rRNA V3-V4区域的基因序列。结果表明，在15个样本的16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序共获得了659 904条有效序列，其中放牧藏猪213 031条、舍饲藏猪219 417条、DLY猪227 456条。放牧藏猪盲肠微生物OTU总数、Chao1指数、ACE指数及香农（Shannon）指数均显著高于舍饲藏猪与DLY猪（P<0.05），而舍饲藏猪与DLY猪无显著差异（P>0.05）。3个类型猪盲肠微生物共划分为13个门，56个属。厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）是3个类型猪相对丰度共同最高的门。放线菌门（Actinobacteria）与疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）在放牧藏猪中相对丰度显著高于其他2个类型猪（P<0.05），舍饲藏猪拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度显著高于放牧藏猪与DLY猪（P<0.05）；放牧藏猪共有11个属相对丰度显著高于舍饲藏猪与DLY猪（P<0.05）。结果提示，放牧藏猪盲肠微生物群落结构与多样性具备自身独特性，为进一步开发藏猪资源提供参考。

关键词: 放牧藏猪, 舍饲藏猪, DLY猪, 盲肠微生物群

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cecal microbial community composition and diversity of grazing Tibetan pigs, captive Tibetan pigs and lean type pigs (DLY pigs) in Tibetan plateau, in order to partially revealed the specificity of the intestinal microbial community of Tibetan pigs. Pigs with the same age were chosen, including 5 grazing Tibetan pigs, 5 captive Tibetan pigs and 5 DLY pigs. The grazing Tibetan pigs were free range husbandry by local herdsman. The captive Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs were reared in pens and fed with same diets. At the age of 160 days, all the pigs were slaughtered by anterior vena cava bloodletting. Cecal chyme was collected and rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The results showed that a total of 659 904 valid sequences were obtained from the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA in 15 samples, including grazing Tibetan pigs 213 031, captive Tibetan pigs 219 417 and DLY pigs 227 456. Interestingly, the cecal OTUs quatity, Chao1 index, ACE index and Shannon index of the grazing Tibetan pigs were significantly higher than those of the other pigs (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the captive Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs (P>0.05). The microbiota of 3 types of pigs were divided into 13 phyla and 56 genera, and Firmicutes has the highest relative abundance in all pigs. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were significantly higher in grazing Tibetan pigs than those of the others (P<0.05), but Bacteroidetes was remarkably higher in captive Tibetan pigs (P<0.05). The relative abundance of 11 genera in grazing Tibetan pigs was significantly higher than captive Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs (P<0.05). These results indicated that the cecal microbial community structure and diversity of grazing Tibetan pigs were unique, which could provide reference for further developing the Tibetan pig resources.

Key words: grazing Tibetan pigs, captive Tibetan pigs, DLY pigs, cecal microbiota

中图分类号:

谭占坤, 商振达, 刘锁珠, 商鹏, 强巴央宗. 西藏高原藏猪盲肠微生物群落结构与多样性的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(9): 2147-2155.

TAN Zhankun, SHANG Zhenda, LIU Suozhu, SHANG Peng, QIANGBA Yangzong. Study on the Cecal Microbial Community Structure and Diversity of Tibetan Pigs in Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(9): 2147-2155.

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西藏高原藏猪盲肠微生物群落结构与多样性的研究

Study on the Cecal Microbial Community Structure and Diversity of Tibetan Pigs in Tibetan Plateau

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