日粮不同营养水平对牦牛生产性能、屠宰指标和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究日粮营养水平对牦牛生产性能、屠宰指标和血清生化指标的影响。选择年龄、体重接近的健康公牦牛60头，平均体重（269.75±35.46）kg，随机分成3组，每组20个重复，每个重复1头牛。根据饲粮营养水平分为高营养水平组（HN）、中营养水平组（MN）、低营养水平组（LN）。试验周期105 d，预试期15 d，正试期90 d。正试期（90 d）饲粮的综合净能（NE_mf）分别为5.51、6.22、6.94 MJ·kg^-1，全试验期饲粮粗蛋白质水平各组均为16.98%，育肥试验结束时进行生产性能等指标的测定，每组随机选择8头牛颈静脉采血，迅速分离血清，测定血液生化指标，屠宰后测定每头牛的屠宰性能和肉品质。结果表明，日粮不同营养水平对牦牛平均日增重（ADG）的影响差异不显著（P>0.05）；随着日粮营养水平的增加，HN组血清中葡萄糖含量最高，与LN和MN组相比，分别增加了38.86%和29.69%（P<0.05）。MN组血清中尿素含量最低，较LN组降低了34.31%（P<0.05），与HN组相比差异不显著。血清中总蛋白的含量随着能量水平的增加而降低（P<0.05）。总胆固醇LN组含量最低，较MN组降低了10.98%。随着能量水平的提高，HN组牦牛的宰前活重、胴体重和眼肌面积极显著高于MN和LN组（P<0.01）；HN组屠宰率显著高于MN和LN组（P<0.05）；肉色L^*值LN组最低（P<0.05），较MN和HN组分别降低了17.84%和25.65%。能量水平对失水率和蒸煮损失无显著影响（P>0.05）。在本试验条件下，增加饲粮能量对提高舍饲牦牛生长性能和肉品质是可行的，综合生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标得出，饲粮综合净能水平在6.94 MJ·kg^-1时的饲粮营养水平是比较适于冷季舍饲育肥牦牛提供优质牦牛肉所需的营养水平。

关键词: 营养水平, 牦牛, 生产性能, 屠宰性能, 血清生化指标

Abstract: The study aimed to explore the effects of different dietary nutrition levels on production performance, slaughter indexes and serum biochemical indexes of yaks. Sixty healthy male yaks with the similar age and weight, the average weight was (269.75±35.46) kg, and the yaks were randomly divided into 3 groups, each 20 replicates, and each repeating 1 yak. According to the energy level of the diet, they were divided into high nutrition level (HN) group, medium nutrition level (MN) group, and low nutrition level (LN) group. The test period was 105 days, the pre-test period was 15 days, and the normal test period was 90 days. During the trial period (90 days), the total net energy (NE_mf) of the diet was 5.51, 6.22, 6.94 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The crude protein level of the diet during the whole trial period was 16.98% for each group. Production performance was detected at the end of the fattening trial. 8 yaks from each gorup was randomly selected for the jugular vein to collect blood, the serum separated quickly, determined the blood biochemical indicators, and the slaughter performance and meat quality of each yak was determined after slaughter. The experiment redults showed that the dietary nutrition level had no significant effect on the average daily gain (ADG) of the yak (P>0.05). However, with the increase of the feed nutrition level, the serum glucose content of the HN group was the highest, which was compared with the LN group and the MN group, increased by 38.86% and 29.69%, respectively (P<0.05). The MN group had the lowest serum urea content, which was 34.31% lower than the LN group (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant compared with the HN group. The content of total protein in serum decreased with the increase of energy level (P<0.05). The LN group had the lowest total cholesterol content, which was 10.98% lower than the MN group. With the increase of energy level, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight and eye muscle area of the yak in the HN group were extremely significantly higher than those in the MN and LN groups (P<0.01); the slaughter rate in the HN group was significantly higher than that in the MN and LN groups (P<0.05). The meat color L^* value was the lowest in the LN group (P<0.05), which was 17.84% and 25.65% lower than the MN and HN groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in water lossing rate and cooking loss among different groups (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this experiment, adding energy is feasible to improve growth performance and meat quality of yak in house. The comprehensive growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes are obtained. When the comprehensive net energy level of the diet is 6.94 MJ·kg^-1, the nutritional level of the diet is more suitable for cold-season house feeding and fattening, which can provide the energy level required for high-quality yak meat.

Key words: nutrition levels, yak, production performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical index

中图分类号:

S823.85

张振宇, 梁春年, 姚喜喜, 马晓明, 丁考仁青, 褚敏, 吴晓云, 包鹏甲, 阎萍. 日粮不同营养水平对牦牛生产性能、屠宰指标和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(1): 135-143.

ZHANG Zhenyu, LIANG Chunnian, YAO Xixi, MA Xiaoming, DING Kaorenqing, CHU Min, WU Xiaoyun, BAO Pengjia, YAN Ping. Effects of Different Nutrition Levels of Diets on Production Performance, Slaughter Indexes and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Yak[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(1): 135-143.

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