北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情遗传评估

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究中国荷斯坦牛性情的影响因素，估计方差组分和遗传参数并揭示其遗传趋势。本试验收集北京地区2015-2017年13个奶牛场共9 016头健康泌乳牛的性情评分，采用logistic回归模型分析性情影响因素，利用DMU软件使用动物模型估计性情评分、直肠温度、日产奶量和繁殖性状（产犊到首次配种间隔、重复输精次数）的遗传力及其之间的遗传相关，并根据估计育种值分析其遗传趋势。结果显示，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情评分1分、2分和3分比例分别为75.00%、19.25%和5.75%；胎次和场-评定人效应对性情评分有显著影响（P<0.05）；性情评分估计遗传力为0.03，属于低遗传力性状，与重复输精次数为中度遗传相关（r=0.56），与产犊到首次配种间隔和直肠温度为中度负遗传相关（r=-0.30，r=-0.17），而与日产奶量为低度遗传相关（r=0.07）；2001-2017年，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情遗传趋势总体上无明显变化。本研究是国内首次对奶牛性情进行遗传分析，为了解奶牛行为特征、实现平衡育种提供理论基础。

关键词: 中国荷斯坦牛, 性情评分, 遗传力, 遗传相关, 育种值

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting temperament of Chinese Holstein, estimate the variance component and genetic parameters, and reveal its genetic trend. The temperament score (TS) of 9 016 healthy lactating cows from 13 herds were collected from 2015 to 2017 in Beijing. Logistic model was used to analyze the factors affecting temperament, the animal model and DMU software were employed to estimate heritability of TS, rectal temperature(RT), daily milk yield(DMY) and reproductive traits(interval from calving to first service(ICF) and number of services(NS)) and genetic correlation between these traits. Genetic trends were analyzed according to the estimated breeding value. The results showed that the proportion of TS as 1, 2 and 3 in Chinese Holstein herds in Beijing area were 75.00%, 19.25% and 5.75%, respectively; The parity and farm-scorer had significant impact on TS (P<0.05); Estimated heritability of TS was 0.03, which defining TS as a low inheritable trait. The genetic correlation of TS with NS was moderate(r=0.56), with ICF and RT were negative and moderate (r=-0.30, r=-0.17, respectively), however, there was a low genetic correlation between TS and DMY (r=0.07); In general, no obvious change was evidenced for the genetic trend of temperament from 2001 to 2017. It is the first report to evaluate genetic parameters of temperament in Chinese Holstein. The results could provide theoretical basis for understanding the behavior characteristics of Chinese Holstein and facilitate future balanced breeding.

Key words: Chinese Holstein, temperament score, heritability, genetic correlation, breeding value

中图分类号:

S823.2

常瑶, 李想, 张海亮, 亓建刚, 郭刚, 刘林, 王雅春. 北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情遗传评估[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(4): 712-720.

CHANG Yao, LI Xiang, ZHANG Hailiang, QI Jiangang, GUO Gang, LIU Lin, WANG Yachun. Genetic Analysis for Temperament of Chinese Holstein in Beijing Area[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(4): 712-720.

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