寒区奶牛舍环境温湿度、粉尘和气载细菌的季节性变化及其相关性研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.03.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究奶牛舍环境参数的季节性变化及参数间的相关性。选择河北省寒区4种建筑形式的奶牛舍，对温湿度、粉尘浓度和气载细菌总数分别采用连续记录法、定点定时测定法以及培养计数法进行4个季节的检测与分析。结果表明，4个季节牛舍温度均表现出中午高、早晚低的规律性变化，而相对湿度则表现为相反的规律，夏季所有牛舍温湿指数均超过72，寒区奶牛舍的夏季防暑需重视。牛舍内粉尘PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度分别达28.5～211.5和1.9～44.2 μg•m^-3，在任何季节4种牛舍的粉尘（PM₁₀ 和PM_2.5）浓度之间差异均达显著水平（P＜0.05），PM₁₀季节性明显，夏季最高，冬季最低，且PM₁₀与温度间表现出显著正相关关系（P＜0.05，r=0.60），与相对湿度不存在显著相关性（P＞0.05）。4种牛舍的气载需氧菌总数达1 804～4 944 CFU•m^-3，在任何季节各舍间差异均达到显著水平（P＜0.05），且与温度、相对湿度间均呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05，温度r=0.49，相对湿度r=0.56）。从需氧菌与粉尘的相关性可知，需氧菌总数与PM₁₀浓度表现出显著正相关关系（P＜0.01，r=0.80）。可见，改善牛舍环境需综合考虑温湿度、粉尘和气载细菌等环境参数间的相关关系。

关键词: 奶牛, 环境, 粉尘, 细菌, 温湿度

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the ambient parameters in dairy cowsheds and their correlation.Four styles of cowsheds in the chill region of Hebei province were used and the continuous record method，fixed spot and time determination method，plate count method were applied to investigate the ambient temperature and relative humidity，airborne dust concentration and airborne bacteria count in 4 seasons，respectively.The results indicated that the indoor temperature was high at noon and low in both the morning and evening，while the opposite tendency in the relative humidity was observed.The temperature-humidity index(THI) was above 72 in all cowsheds in summer，which suggested that heat prevention would be paid more attention in the cowsheds of chill regions.The dust concentrations in all cowsheds ranged from 28.5 to 211.5 μg•m^-3 of PM₁₀concentrations and from 1.9 to 44.2 μg•m^-3 of PM_2.5 concentrations.In each season，a significant difference was observed on the dust concentrations(PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) among 4 styles of cowsheds(P＜0.05).The PM₁₀concentrations depended on seasons，showing the highest value in summer and the lowest in winter.Moreover，the PM₁₀were significantly positively correlated with the temperature(P＜0.05，r=0.60)，while not significantly correlated with the relative humidity(P＞0.05).In addition，the aerobic bacteria counts ranged from 1 804 to 4 944 CFU•m^-3 and the bacteria among all cowsheds showed the significant difference in each season(P＜0.05)，and the bacteria counts were significantly positively correlated with temperature(P＜0.05，r=0.49) and the relative humidity(P＜0.05，r=0.56)，respectively.There was significantly positive correlation between bacteria counts and PM₁₀ concentrations(P＜0.01，r=0.80).In conclusion，the correlation among ambient parameters，including temperature，relative humidity，dust，airborne bacteria，and so on，would be considered to improve the environment in dairy cowsheds.

Key words: dairy cattle, environment, dust, bacterium, temperature-relative humidity

中图分类号:

高玉红，郭建军，李宏双，邱殿锐，李晓滨，吴广军，李建国. 寒区奶牛舍环境温湿度、粉尘和气载细菌的季节性变化及其相关性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(3): 620-629.

GAO Yu-hong，GUO Jian-jun，LI Hong-shuang，QIU Dian-rui，LI Xiao-bin，WU Guang-jun，LI Jian-guo. Seasonal Variation of Ambient Temperature，Relative Humidity，Dust and Airborne Bacteria in Dairy Cowshed and Their Correlation in Chill Region[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(3): 620-629.

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