日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响。本研究选用体重（（598.49±30.98）kg）、胎次（2~4胎）、泌乳时期（产犊15~37天）和泌乳量（（20.76±3.32）kg）相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛30头，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组分别在基础日粮上补充2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸，每组设10个重复，每个重复1头牛，试验期为60 d。在试验开始和结束时采集奶样和血液样品，测定乳成分，同时测定血液生化指标和激素浓度。结果表明：1）3个处理组之间的日均干物质采食量、初始产奶量、饲料效率、初始乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳非脂固形物率和乳糖含量和初始的游离脂肪酸、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）浓度以及胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸组显著提高产奶量、标准乳（FCM）产量和试验后乳脂率、葡萄糖、胰岛素和IGF-1浓度（P<0.05），显著降低试验后乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度（P<0.05）。3）2.0%与4.0%棕榈酸组之间的产奶量、FCM、乳蛋白、乳非脂固形物率、乳糖、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、IGF-1、胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果提示，日粮补充2.0%或4.0%棕榈酸可通过调节泌乳早期奶牛体内激素分泌，使酮体生成量减少，提高产奶量，改善乳品质。本试验条件下，综合考虑效果最佳剂量为日粮补充2.0%棕榈酸。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation of palmitic acid on lactation performance, blood biochemical indexes and hormone concentration in early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Thirty healthy Chinese Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight ((598.49±30.98) kg), parity (2-4 fetuses), lactation stage(15-37 days of calving) and lactation production ((20.76±3.32) kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, each group with 10 cows and one cow in each replicate. Cows in the control group were fed the basal diet, and cows in the experimental groups were supplemented with 2.0% and 4.0% palmitic acid in the basal diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 60 days. Milk samples and blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the test to determine the milk compositions and the blood biochemical indexes and hormone concentrations. The results showed that:1) The daily dry matter intake, initial milk yield, feed efficiency, initial milk fat rate, milk protein rate, milk non-fat solid (NFS) rate, and the the contents of initial lactose, free fatty acids, glucose, acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, glucagon and leptin were not significantly different among the 3 treatment groups (P>0.05); 2) Compared with the control group, 2.0% and 4.0% palmitic acid groups significantly increased milk yield, standard milk (FCM) yield and the post-treatment milk fat rate, glucose, insulin and IGF-1 concentrations (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the post-treatment acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid, glucagon and leptin concentrations (P<0.05); 3) There was no significant difference in milk yield, FCM yield, milk protein rate, milk NFS rate and lactose, glucose, acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid, IGF-1, insulin, glucagon and leptin concentrations between the 2.0% and 4.0% palmitic acid groups (P>0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation of 2.0% or 4.0% palmitic acid could reduce the ketone body production, improve milk production and quality by regulating hormone secretion in early lactation dairy cows. Under the conditions of this test, the best dose for the effect is to supplement the diet with 2.0% palmitic acid.

中图分类号:

S823.5

张海波. 日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(1): 203-210.

ZHANG Haibo. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Palmitic Acid on Lactation Performance, Blood Biochemical Indexes and Hormone Concentration in Early Lactation Holstein Dairy Cows[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(1): 203-210.

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