发酵玉米-豆粕型全价饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便臭味物质和菌群区系的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究发酵全价饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便臭味物质和肠道菌群的影响，评价发酵全价饲料在生长猪上的应用效果。试验以乳酸菌和地衣芽孢杆菌为发酵菌剂，对全价饲料进行3 d厌氧发酵，制备发酵全价饲料。选取体重22 kg左右的生长猪90头，随机分成3组，每组30头猪，分别饲喂无抗饲料、含抗生素饲料和发酵饲料，体重达到40 kg左右时，测定各试验组动物的生长性能；采集新鲜粪便样品，采用气相色谱法测定粪便中挥发性臭味物质的含量；利用16S高通量测序技术，分析粪便菌群区系变化。结果显示：1）全价饲料经发酵后，粗脂肪含量显著升高（P<0.01），钙（P<0.01）和总磷（P<0.05）含量显著降低，pH显著降低（P<0.01），乳酸菌数量达到9.67 lg cfu·g^-1，乳酸含量达到421.67 mmol·kg^-1。2）动物试验结果表明，与对照组相比，饲喂发酵饲料显著提高了生长猪的ADFI和ADG（P<0.05），降低了F/G和死淘率（P<0.05）；与抗生素组相比，发酵饲料显著提高了生长猪的ADFI（P<0.05）。3）饲喂发酵饲料组的猪粪便中吲哚含量显著降低（P<0.05），粪臭素和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量降低，甲酚含量升高。4）发酵饲料还提高了生长猪粪便菌群的丰度和和多样性，其中门Tenericutes、Saccharibacteria，属Clostridium、Turicibacter、Mollicutes、Anaerostipes、Acetitomaculum的相对丰度升高；属Lactobacillus、Streptococcus、Rikenellaceae、Megasphaera、Oscillospira、Mitsuokella、Prevotella的相对丰度降低。综上，发酵全价饲料提高了生长猪的生长性能，降低了粪便中吲哚、粪臭素以及挥发性脂肪酸的含量，提高了粪便中对甲酚的含量，改变了粪便微生物区系。

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented complete feed (FCF) on the growth performance, odor concentration and bacterial community in faeces of growing pigs, and evaluate the application effect of FCF in pigs. Complete feed was anaerobic fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus brevis for 3 days. 90 pigs with the about initial weight 22 kg were randomly allotted into 3 treatment groups (antibiotic-free feed group, antibiotic feed group and FCF group) of 30 each. At the end of the experiment(body weight of pigs was up to about 40 kg), the growth performance of pigs was measured and analyzed. The fresh stool sample was collected from each group to determine the odor concentration by gas chromatography. Additionally, the bacterial community was assayed by using the high-throughout DNA sequencing. The results showed that:1) Fermentation of complete feed significantly increased the fat content in feed (P<0.01) and decreased the calcium content (P<0.01), total phosphorus content (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.01). The number of lactic acid bacteria in the FCF was up to 9.67 lg cfu·g^-1 and lactic acid content was up to 421.67 mmol·kg^-1. 2) Data from the animal experiment indicated that FCF feeding raised the ADFI and ADG of pigs (P<0.05), and reduced the F/G and mortality (P<0.05) compared with the antibiotic-free group. The ADFI of FCF-fed pigs was higher than that of antibiotic-fed pigs (P<0.05). 3) In addition, the indole content in pig faeces was decreased (P<0.05) by the CFC feeding. The skatole and VFA contents showed a similar decreased tendency, however, the p-cresol content showed a rising tendency in FCF group. 4) Importantly, the richness and diversity of faeces bacterial community were improved by the CFC feeding. The relative abundances of phyla including Tenericutes and Saccharibacteria, genera including Clostridium, Turicibacter, Mollicutes, Anaerostipes, Acetitomaculum increased; while the relative abundances of genera including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Rikenellaceae, Megasphaera, Oscillospira, Mitsuokella, Prevotella reduced. In conclusion, FCF could improve the growth performance of pigs and the content of p-cresol in faeces, while reduce the content of indole, skatole and VFA in faeces and change the bacterial community in faeces.

中图分类号:

S828.4

刘志云, 钟晓霞, 谢跃伟, 肖融, 江山, 黄健, 黄金秀, 周晓容. 发酵玉米-豆粕型全价饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便臭味物质和菌群区系的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(6): 1169-1177.

LIU Zhi-yun, ZHONG Xiao-xia, XIE Yue-wei, XIAO Rong, JIANG Shan, HUANG Jian, HUANG Jin-xiu, ZHOU Xiao-rong. Effects of Fermented Corn-Soybean Complete Feed on the Growth Performance, Odor Concentration and Bacterial Community in Faeces of Growing Pigs[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(6): 1169-1177.

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