猪饲粮纤维的利用及其对养分消化的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国粮食安全主要压力在饲料粮,破解粮食安全的重要潜力也在饲料粮。饲料资源短缺、人畜争粮矛盾日益加剧。开发非粮饲料资源和提高饲料养分利用率是缓解我国粮食安全矛盾的重大战略需求。自1864年Henneberg与Stohmann首倡的概略成分分析方法以来,饲料养分的测试方法已沿用一个半世纪,基本保持原体系未变。而针对饲料原料碳水化合物组分的复杂性和多样性,其分析方法和分析层次从Weende proximate粗纤维(概略养分分析)——van Soest洗涤纤维(范式洗涤纤维法)——总饲粮纤维法不断地演进。饲粮纤维黏性、溶解性和持水力等理化特性限制了本身以及饲粮中其它养分被单胃动物消化、吸收和利用,其抗营养作用受到饲粮结构、畜禽品种、生理阶段、环境条件等种种复杂因素的影响,同时饲粮纤维的分解产物具有重要的营养健康功能。因此,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分和解析饲粮纤维对养分消化、吸收、利用规律至关重要。本文从饲粮纤维的定义和内涵入手,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分的分析方法和层次的演进,分析饲粮纤维的物理化学特性及其抗营养机制,总结饲粮纤维在猪消化道利用特点,其中侧重分析了饲粮纤维水平和类型对猪饲粮能量、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等主要养分消化率的影响规律,并对其影响的机理做出相应的阐述,旨在为非粮饲料资源开发与饲粮纤维高效利用提供重要参考。

关键词: 饲粮纤维, 养分, 消化率, 饲料, 猪

Abstract: The main pressure of food security in China is feed safety, and the important potential of solving food security is also feed safety. Due to the shortage of feed resources, the conflict between human and animals for food is increasingly intensified. Development of non-grain feed resources and improvement of feed nutrient utilization are important strategic to alleviate the contradiction of food security in China. Since the outline nutrient analysis method first invented by Henneberg and Stohmann in 1864, the test method of feed nutrients has been used for a century and a half, and the original system has basically remained unchanged. In view of the complexity and diversity of carbohydrate components in feed materials, the analysis methods and levels of analysis have evolved from Weende proximate crude fiber to van Soest fiber and total dietary fiber. The physical and chemical properties of dietary fiber such as viscosity, solubility and water holding capacity limit the digestion, absorption and utilization of itself and other nutrients in the diet by monogastric animals. The anti-nutritional effect of dietary fiber is affected by various complex factors such as diet structure, livestock and poultry breeds, physiological stages of animals, and environmental conditions. At the same time, the decomposition products of dietary fiber have important nutritional and health functions. Therefore, it is very important to analyze dietary carbohydrate composition and dietary fiber for nutrient digestion, absorption and utilization. This paper starts with the definition and connotation of dietary fiber, dissects the evolution of the analysis methods and levels of dietary carbohydrate components, analyzes the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber and its anti-nutritional mechanism, and summarizes the utilization characteristics of dietary fiber in pig digestive tract. Among them, the influence of dietary fiber level and type on the digestibility of main nutrients such as energy, protein, amino acids, and fat in pig diets was focused on analysis, and the mechanism of its influence was explained. Aiming to provide important reference for the development of non-grain feed resources and efficient utilization of dietary fiber.

Key words: dietary fiber, nutrient, digestibility, feed, pigs

中图分类号:

S828.4

陈莹, 钟儒清, 陈亮, 张宏福. 猪饲粮纤维的利用及其对养分消化的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(9): 3745-3757.

CHEN Ying, ZHONG Ruqing, CHEN Liang, ZHANG Hongfu. Utilization of Dietary Fiber and Its Impact on Nutrient Digestion of Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(9): 3745-3757.

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