饲粮净能和赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能及粪便菌群多样性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.024

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) and standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) levels on reproductive performance, serum hormone, lactation performance and fecal flora diversity of Rongchang sows in late pregnancy. Seventy-two Rongchang sows (2 to 4 parities) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 8 replicates with 1 pig in each replicate. A 3×3 two-factor design was used, dietary NE levels were 8.75, 9.48 and 10.04 MJ·kg^－1, and dietary SID Lys levels were 0.52%, 0.62% and 0.72%. The experiment started at the 84^th day of gestation and finished after farrowing. The results showed as follows: Dietary NE level had significant effects on the changes of backfat thickness, estrus interval of sow and birth weight of piglets (P < 0.05). The changes of backfat thickness of sows and birth weight of piglets in 10.04 and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups were significantly higher than those in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group, and the estrus interval was significantly lower than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). When the dietary NE level and SID Lys level were 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 and 0.52%, the number of live litters born and birth litter weight of piglets were the highest. Dietary NE level had significant effects on serum hormone of pregnant sows (P < 0.05). The contents of serum insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group were significantly higher than those in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group, and the insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) content was significantly higher than that in 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). Dietary NE level significantly influenced the composition of colostrum (P < 0.05). Lactose content in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05), and the levels of milk protein and dry matter in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group were significantly higher than those in 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). Dietary NE level significantly affected the relative abundance of fecal flora in sows (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly lower than that of 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the content of serum Insulin in sows, and the relative abundance of unclassified_p_251_o5 was negatively correlated with the contents of Insulin and LH (P < 0.05). Dietary SID Lys level had no significant effects on all indexes of pregnant sows (P>0.05). In conclusion, the effects of dietary NE level on reproductive performance, serum hormone, colostrum composition and fecal microflora of sows are greater than those of SID Lys level. When the dietary NE level was 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 and SID Lys level was 0.52%, resulting in the largest number of live litters of Rongchang sows.

Key words: Rongchang sow, energy, lysine, reproductive performance, serum hormone, lactation performance, fecal flora

CLC Number:

S828.5

CHEN Zhihua, WANG Qi, ZHANG Jin, YANG Liandi, YANG Tianqing, WANG Jing, LONG Dingbiao, HUANG Jinxiu, HUANG Wenming. Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2801-2815.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Composition and nutritional levels of experimental diets(air-dry basis) %"

项目 Ingredient	组别 Group	1组 Group1	2组 Group2	3组 Group3	4组 Group4	5组 Group5	6组 Group6	7组 Group7	8组 Group8	9组 Group9
	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	8.75	8.75	8.75	9.48	9.48	9.48	10.04	10.04	10.04
	标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72
玉米 Corn		50.89	50.79	50.82	52.96	60.16	53.18	63.66	62.02	60.70
豆粕 Soybean meal		10.48	9.88	9.32	12.50	12.90	11.42	15.26	11.16	9.70
麦麸 Wheat bran		34.72	35.05	35.29	28.17	21.71	28.58	14.82	18.80	20.81
金枪鱼粉 Tuna powder		0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.15	0.00	0.05	2.03	2.43
大豆油 Soybean oil		0.00	0.12	0.25	2.37	1.00	2.51	2.20	2.50	2.85
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lysine·HCl		0.03	0.18	0.32	0.01	0.14	0.29	0.00	0.12	0.27
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine		0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-苏氨酸 L-Threonine		0.10	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.07	0.09
L-色氨酸 L-Tryptophan		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
石粉 Limestone		1.15	1.15	1.15	1.10	1.06	1.10	1.03	0.87	0.86
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate		1.30	1.30	1.30	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.52	1.02	0.88
氯化钠 Salt		0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
预混料 Premix¹		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
合计 Total		100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels²
净能/(MJ·kg^－1) Net energy		8.75	8.75	8.75	9.48	9.48	9.48	10.04	10.04	10.04
粗蛋白质 Crude protein		14.01	14.04	14.02	14.00	14.03	13.99	14.05	14.07	14.02
钙 Calcium		0.83	0.83	0.82	0.82	0.84	0.85	0.83	0.83	0.84
总磷 Total phosphorus		0.70	0.68	0.68	0.69	0.70	0.69	0.68	0.71	0.71
赖氨酸 Lysine		0.65	0.73	0.80	0.66	0.73	0.80	0.64	0.74	0.80
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸 SID Lys		0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72
标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 SID Met+Cys		0.37	0.37	0.37	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.37
标准回肠可消化苏氨酸 SID Thr		0.45	0.45	0.46	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.46
标准回肠可消化色氨酸 SID Trp		0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.12

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	背膘厚变化/mm Changes in back fat thickness	发情间隔/d Estrus interval	窝总产仔数/头 Total litter size	窝产活仔数/头 Number of live litter born	健仔率/% Healthy offspring rate	初生个体重/kg Birth weight	初生窝重/kg Birth litter weight
1	8.75	0.52	1.75^b	5.50^a	9.50^b	9.33^b	86.62	1.00^bc	9.02^ab
2	8.75	0.62	2.38^ab	5.00^ab	11.33^a	11.17^a	82.26	0.97^c	10.76^ab
3	8.75	0.72	3.38^ab	4.71^ab	9.71^ab	9.57^ab	86.93	1.07^abc	10.45^ab
4	9.48	0.52	3.75^ab	4.43^b	9.43^b	8.86^b	84.60	1.17^a	8.81^b
5	9.48	0.62	4.50^ab	4.17^b	10.00^ab	9.67^ab	83.87	1.05^abc	9.83^ab
6	9.48	0.72	3.00^ab	4.71^ab	10.71^ab	10.14^ab	92.61	1.09^abc	10.93^a
7	10.04	0.52	4.50^ab	4.71^ab	11.71^a	11.57^a	85.89	1.03^abc	11.92^a
8	10.04	0.62	4.38^ab	4.63^b	10.25^ab	10.13^ab	88.34	1.12^ab	11.06^a
9	10.04	0.72	5.25^a	4.60^b	10.40^ab	10.40^ab	90.22	1.10^abc	9.67^ab
集合标准误 SEM			0.90	0.30	0.68	0.65	7.27	0.05	0.72
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	2.50^b	5.07^a	10.18	10.02	85.27	1.01^b	10.07
NE		9.48	3.75^a	4.44^b	10.05	9.56	87.03	1.10^a	9.86
		10.04	4.71^a	4.65^b	10.79	10.70	88.15	1.09^a	10.88
赖氨酸/%		0.52	3.33	4.88	10.21	9.92	85.07	1.07	9.91
SID Lys		0.62	3.75	4.60	10.53	10.32	84.82	1.05	10.55
		0.72	3.88	4.68	10.28	10.04	89.92	1.09	10.35
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.014	0.026	0.569	0.193	0.811	0.039	0.338
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.742	0.361	0.486	0.366	0.487	0.567	0.351
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.558	0.482	0.046	0.026	0.920	0.168	0.063

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	雌二醇/(pg·mL^－1) E2	孕酮/(ng·mL^－1) P	胰岛素/(μIU·mL^－1) INS	类胰岛素生长因子-I/(ng·mL^－1) IGF-I	促卵泡素/(mIU·mL^－1) FSH	促黄体素/(mIU·mL^－1) LH
1	8.75	0.52	56.40	14.12	15.17^b	190.97^ab	2.59^def	5.03^cd
2	8.75	0.62	52.52	15.10	14.70^b	195.97^ab	2.47^ef	4.88^cd
3	8.75	0.72	53.81	11.80	14.95^b	201.57^a	2.28^f	4.71^d
4	9.48	0.52	53.58	15.40	15.67^b	165.63^de	3.42^ab	6.24^ab
5	9.48	0.62	53.32	11.39	18.02^a	160.70^f	3.59^a	6.83^a
6	9.48	0.72	53.81	15.34	15.01^b	177.49^cd	3.01^bcd	5.60^bc
7	10.04	0.52	52.75	17.57	17.88^a	185.38^bc	2.87^cde	5.27^bcd
8	10.04	0.62	52.05	12.75	15.38^b	175.84^cd	3.18^abc	5.72^bc
9	10.04	0.72	52.66	13.88	18.17^a	167.15^de	3.46^ab	5.85^bc
集合标准误 SEM			1.01	1.78	0.75	4.48	0.17	0.31
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	54.25	14.04	14.94^b	196.17^a	2.45^b	4.87^c
NE		9.48	53.57	13.67	16.23^a	167.94^c	3.34^a	6.22^a
		10.04	52.49	14.73	17.14^a	176.12^b	3.17^a	5.61^b
赖氨酸/%		0.52	54.24	16.02	16.24	180.66	2.96	5.51
SID Lys		0.62	52.63	12.75	16.03	177.50	3.08	5.81
		0.72	53.43	13.67	16.04	182.07	2.92	5.38
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.108	0.696	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.157	0.062	0.928	0.449	0.496	0.233
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.388	0.214	0.005	0.006	0.029	0.134

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	泌乳量/kg Milk yield	脂肪/% Fat	蛋白/% Protein	真蛋白/% True protein	乳糖/% Lactose	干物质/% Dry matter	尿素氮/(mg·dL^－1) Urea nitrogen
1	8.75	0.52	132.49	5.01^b	17.69^ab	90.31	2.97^ab	30.50	63.02^b
2	8.75	0.62	140.80	6.28^ab	19.94^a	99.65	2.68^b	33.89	68.95^b
3	8.75	0.72	128.89	6.51^ab	17.24^ab	85.99	3.04^a	31.57	72.67^ab
4	9.48	0.52	130.20	6.40^ab	16.99^ab	86.84	2.92^ab	31.16	67.28^b
5	9.48	0.62	142.09	5.46^ab	14.54^b	73.15	3.47^a	28.03	59.65^b
6	9.48	0.72	129.39	5.99^ab	14.67^b	77.13	3.17^ab	28.60	63.44^b
7	10.04	0.52	132.49	5.81^ab	16.27^b	83.34	3.36^a	30.14	70.62^ab
8	10.04	0.62	141.13	6.15^ab	17.02^ab	85.16	3.01^ab	30.87	73.54^ab
9	10.04	0.72	125.24	7.39^a	16.75^b	80.13	3.28^a	31.74	84.64^a
集合标准误 SEM			6.08	0.59	1.34	5.55	0.16	1.19	3.39
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	134.06	5.93	18.29^a	91.98	2.90^b	31.99^a	68.21
NE		9.48	133.89	5.95	15.40^b	79.04	3.18^ab	29.26^b	63.46
		10.04	132.96	6.45	16.68^ab	82.88	3.22^a	30.92^ab	76.27
赖氨酸/%		0.52	131.73	5.74	16.98	86.83	3.09	30.60	66.97
SID Lys		0.62	141.34	5.96	17.17	85.98	3.05	30.93	67.38
		0.72	127.84	6.63	16.22	81.09	3.16	30.64	73.58
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.990	0.521	0.019	0.059	0.048	0.038	0.055
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.268	0.195	0.606	0.528	0.730	0.940	0.051
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.998	0.314	0.339	0.528	0.100	0.105	0.101

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
1	8.75	0.52	1 145.06	1 137.05	0.98	7.48
2	8.75	0.62	1 234.26	1 225.78	0.98	7.42
3	8.75	0.72	1 177.48	1 168.52	0.98	7.60
4	9.48	0.52	1 141.26	1 132.62	0.98	7.45
5	9.48	0.62	1 113.13	1 105.47	0.98	7.34
6	9.48	0.72	1 156.97	1 147.93	0.97	7.33
7	10.04	0.52	1 046.43	1 034.37	0.98	7.57
8	10.04	0.62	1 113.38	1 104.78	0.98	7.43
9	10.04	0.72	1 018.98	1 010.14	0.96	7.08
集合标准误 SEM			61.77	61.65	0.01	0.15
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	1 185.60	1 177.12	0.98	7.50
NE		9.48	1 137.12	1 128.67	0.98	7.37
		10.04	1 059.60	1 049.76	0.97	7.36
赖氨酸/%		0.52	1 110.92	1 101.35	0.98	7.50
SID Lys		0.62	1 153.59	1 145.34	0.98	7.40
		0.72	1 117.81	1 108.86	0.97	7.33
P值	净能水平NE level		0.062	0.058	0.288	0.498
P-value	赖氨酸水平SID Lys level		0.688	0.673	0.209	0.460
	净能×赖氨酸水平NE×SID Lys level		0.812	0.817	0.384	0.353

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Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy

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