Fig. 1

Immunofluorescence results of ART3 protein in mice testicular tissues at different times after 3-MBA treatment The positive signal of ART3 protein is red fluorescence, and the nucleus is blue fluorescence.The magnification is 400×, scale bar=75 μm"

Fig. 2

Effect of different times of 3-MBA treatment on body weight, testicular weight and volume changes in mice A. Changes in body weight of treated mice; B. Changes in testis weight of treated mice; C. Changes in testis volume of treated mice; D. Changes in testis body ratio of treated mice. * represents significant difference (P < 0.05), ** represents highly significant difference (P < 0.01), the same as below"

Fig. 3

Changes in epididymis weight and sperm density, malformation rate, and morphology of 3-MBA-treated mice A. Changes in epididymis weight of treated mice; B. Changes in sperm density of treated mice; C. Changes in sperm malformation rate of treated mice; D. Morphology of normal sperm and morphology of malformed sperm in treated mice, magnification times, 1 000×; E. Results of H&E staining of tissue sections of the tail of epididymis of treated mice: Blue-purple is nucleus, light purple is cytoplasm, scale bar is showed in figure"

Fig. 4

Results of H&E staining of tissue sections from the epididymis head of 3-MBA-treated mice Blue-purple is nucleus, light purple is cytoplasm, scale bar is showed in the figure"

Fig. 5

Results of PNA immunofluorescence assay of non-sperm round cellular components in the lumen of the caput epididymis of 3-MBA-treated mice The positive signals for PNA proteins are green fluorescence, and the nuclei of the cells are blue fluorescence, scale bar=75 μm"

Fig. 6

H&E staining results of testis tissue section of 3-MBA-treated mice Blue-purple is nucleus, light purple is cytoplasm, magnification 400×, scale bar as showed in the figure"

Fig. 7

Immunofluorescence staining results of Nectin-3 protein in tissue sections of testis of 3-MBA-treated mice The positive signals of Nectin-3 protein are red fluorescence and the nuclei are blue fluorescence, scale bar=75 μm"

Fig. 8

TUNEL staining results of testicular tissue sections of 3-MBA-treated mice A. Apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules of the control group and the treatment group at different time points: Apoptotic cells showed red fluorescence, nuclei showed blue fluorescence; PC. Positive control, NC. Negative control; magnification 400×, scale bar=75 μm. B. Results of apoptotic index changes in control group and treatment groups at different time points"

Fig. 9

TUNEL staining results of tissue sections of caput epididymis of 3-MBA-treated mice Apoptotic cells showed red fluorescence and nuclei showed blue fluorescence, magnification 400×, scale bar=75 μm"

Fig. 10

Detection of AKT pathway and apoptosis-related protein levels in testis tissues of 3-MBA-treated mice A. Results of p-AKT, AKT, Bcl-2, and Bax protein bands in testis tissues; B. Results of quantitative analyses of p-AKT/AKT protein levels; C. Results of quantitative analyses of Bcl-2 protein levels; D. Results of quantitative analyses of Bax protein levels"