Abstract: This study explored the origin and evolution of Leiqiong cattle, basing on the sequenced complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the cited bovine sequence data.The length of cytochrome b gene was 1 140 bp with two polymorphic sites. The average percentage of A+T (56.8%) was higher than that of G+C (43.2%) and a big base composition bias arised in the third codon. The phylogenetic tree constructed basing on haplotypes of cytochrome b gene, which showed that all haplotypes of cytochrome b gene from three geographical population of Leiqiong cattle cluster into the same group. This result confirmed that Leiqiong cattle origin from Bos indicus. The network relationships of cytochrome b haplotypes from Bos indicus revealed that Leiqiong cattle shared an ancestor sequence with other Bos indicus in Asian, which manifestated that they might domesticate independently from wild Bos nanadicus in different regions. We deduced that there was an independent domesticated center of Bos nanadicus in antiquity in the south of China.