Abstract: The objective of this project was to examine the diversity of immune traits between two chicken populations which is the Beijing-You Chicken (BJY), a Chinese indigenous breed, and the other is White Leghorn (WL), a laying type breed. 250 healthy female chickens were hatched during the same period and were reared under the same farming system from 0-170 days of age. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), the blood white cell count（BWCC）, the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody titer and Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (ND) antibody titer were determined on bird from each group. The results showed that: (1)There were significant differences in the H/L ratio between two breeds (P<0.001). Mean of H/L ratios were 0.36±0.21 and 0.52±0.51 for BJY and WL, respectively. The total number of Blood White Cells of BJY were higher than that of WL distinctly (P<0.001) .(2)No differences were found in SRBC antibody titers between two breeds (P＞0.05); (3) H5N1 AI antibody titers were measured at 50, 71,100,134 days of age after vaccine were injected at 14 and 28 days of age. The AI antibody titers of 100 days of age are highest among the titers of four ages for both groups. There were significant differences between two breeds, titers of 50,71,100,134 days of age for Beijing-You Chicken are higher than that of White Leghorn chicken ,respectively（P<0.001）; (4) At the same age like AI, LaSota ND antibody titer were measured at 50, 71,100, 134 days of age after vaccine were injected at 14 and 28 days of age. The antibody titer of 71 days of age is highest among the titers of three ages for WL, while for BJY chickens the highest one is the titer of 50 days of age. Titers of 50, 100 ,134 days of age of BJY is significantly higher in BYC than that in WL ,respectively（P<0.001， P<0.05, P<0.001）, while there was no difference for titers of 71 days of age between two groups. The results demonstrate that the two breeds differed markedly in immune traits. The general immune performance of BJY chickens, the resistance to stress and disease those, as some other local breeds, were superior to those of WL chickens.