干燥方式对仿生法测定猪饲料氨基酸消化率的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.028

Abstract

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 6 drying methods on the determination of amino acid digestibility (AAD) and its additivity in pig feed by using the bionic digestion method, in order to provide a reference for the establishment of rapid evaluation method for the amino acid efficacy of feeds. Randomized block design was employed in this experiment. Five experimental diets, including 4 commonly used feed ingredients for pigs: corn, wheat, soybean meal, and wheat bran, and a complete diet formulated with the above 4 ingredients, were digested in simulated digestion system (SDS-Ⅲ). The residues from the in vitro digestion were dried by using 6 drying methods: Treatment 1 (Trt1): Air drying at 55 ℃ with concurrent moisture measurement; Treatment 2 (Trt2): Air drying at 55 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 3 (Trt3): Air drying at 65 ℃ with concurrent moisture measurement; Treatment 4 (Trt4): Air drying at 65 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 5 (Trt5): Air drying at 65 ℃ (add 2 mL 1 mol·L^－1 HCl) followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 6 (Trt6): Freeze drying. Samples dried by different methods were weighed, the amino acid contents were determined, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and AAD were calculated. The values were corrected to the true digestibility levels using endogenous losses measured with nitrogen-free diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates per diet, with 1 digestion tube per replicate. The results showed that: 1) There were no significant differences in DMD of corn, wheat, and complete diet among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). However, the DMD of soybean meal in Trt6 was greater compared to Trt2, Trt4, and Trt5 (P < 0.05), the DMD of wheat bran in Trt3, Trt5 were greater than the other 3 treatments (P < 0.05); 2) On soybean meal and complete diet, no significant difference was observed in AAD among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). On corn, the AAD in Trt3, Trt6 was lower than that in Trt5 (P < 0.05). On wheat, the AAD in Trt1 and Trt3 were greater than other 4 treatments (P < 0.05). On wheat bran, the AAD in Trt3, Trt4 and Trt5 were greater than other 3 treatments (P < 0.05). Additionally, the analysis results taken the test samples as block group showed that, there was no significant difference in AAD among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). 3) The relative deviations between the calculated and determined values of digestible amino acid content in the complete diet were less than 5% for Trt2 and Trt6, and the slopes were not significantly different from Y=X (P>0.05). In conclusion, when evaluating the AAD of pig feeds using the biomimetic digestion method, the drying method of air drying at 55 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃ to treat the digestion residues is similar to freeze drying, and exhibits good additivity.

Key words: biomimetic digestion, amino acid digestibility, drying method, additivity, growing pigs

CLC Number:

S816.15

CAO Ning, ZHANG Hu, WANG Junli, SA Renna, ZHAO Feng, XIE Jingjing, GAO Lixiang, ZHAO Jiangtao, DONG Ying, WANG Yuming. Effect of Drying Method on Determination of Amino Acid Digestibility of Pig Feed by Biomimetic Method[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3893-3907.

Figures/Tables 10

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Table 8

Fig. 2

References 24

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营养成分 Nutrient composition	饲料原料Feed ingredient
营养成分 Nutrient composition	玉米Corn	小麦Wheat	豆粕Soybean meal	小麦麸Wheat bran
干物质DM	87.87	89.11	88.25	91.18
粗蛋白CP	7.60	12.56	46.42	19.76
粗脂肪EE	3.20	1.74	0.85	4.91
粗纤维CF	1.64	2.35	4.15	8.80
粗灰分Ash	1.38	1.51	6.08	5.53
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) GE	15.94	16.50	17.42	17.82
必需氨基酸Essential amino acids
赖氨酸Lys	0.21	0.35	2.98	0.80
蛋氨酸Met	0.16	0.19	0.66	0.28
苏氨酸Thr	0.26	0.34	1.88	0.61
缬氨酸Val	0.35	0.50	2.37	0.84
异亮氨酸Ile	0.25	0.40	2.30	0.57
亮氨酸Leu	0.88	0.78	3.73	1.10
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.34	0.53	2.51	0.72
组氨酸His	0.21	0.27	1.26	0.50
精氨酸Arg	0.32	0.57	3.55	1.33
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acids
脯氨酸Pro	0.57	1.00	2.27	0.91
半胱氨酸Cys	0.16	0.27	0.67	0.37
天冬氨酸Asp	0.49	0.60	5.54	1.31
丝氨酸Ser	0.35	0.55	2.40	0.78
谷氨酸Glu	1.35	3.48	8.89	3.34
甘氨酸Gly	0.28	0.48	2.04	0.99
丙氨酸Ala	0.55	0.42	2.12	0.91
总氨基酸TAA	6.73	10.73	45.17	15.36

项目 Item	饲粮Diet
项目 Item	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	无氮饲粮 Nitrogen-free diet
玉米Corn	49.84
小麦Wheat bran	20.00
豆粕Soybean meal	17.40
小麦麸Wheat bran	10.00
玉米淀粉Corn starch		69.17
蔗糖Sucrose		10.00
葡萄糖Glucose		10.00
大豆油Soybean oil		3.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.85	1.90
石粉Limestone	0.98	0.50
氯化钠NaCl	0.40	0.40
二氧化钛TiO₂	0.40	0.40
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.13	0.13
纤维素Solka Floc		4.00
碳酸钾Potassium carbonate		0.40
氧化镁Magnesium dioxide		0.10
合计Total	100.00	100.00

项目Item	干燥方式Drying method						SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	处理1 Trt1	处理2 Trt2	处理3 Trt3	处理4 Trt4	处理5 Trt5	处理6 Trt6	SEM	P值 P-value
玉米Corn	73.48	74.20	73.31	73.90	74.17	73.36	0.277	0.074
小麦Wheat	77.95	78.79	77.70	77.38	78.44	78.91	1.604	0.347
豆粕Soybean meal	68.75^ab	68.41^b	68.44^ab	68.07^b	67.63^b	69.83^a	0.307	0.002
小麦麸Wheat bran	48.05^b	46.20^b	50.93^a	48.14^b	50.73^a	47.31^b	0.662	＜0.001
全价饲粮Mixed diet	74.29	75.23	74.50	74.53	74.65	74.99	0.257	0.143

项目Item	处理1 Trt1	处理2 Trt2	处理3 Trt3	处理4 Trt4	处理5 Trt5	处理6 Trt6	SEM	P值 P-value
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid
赖氨酸Lys	83.1	83.0	84.4	85.1	85.7	82.9	1.50	0.682
蛋氨酸Met	85.5	84.0	86.8	86.4	88.6	85.9	1.17	0.190
苏氨酸Thr	80.0	78.0	80.9	80.2	81.2	79.4	1.20	0.489
缬氨酸Val	80.3	78.7	81.5	81.2	82.1	80.5	1.18	0.460
异亮氨酸Ile	84.4	82.6	85.5	84.9	85.7	84.2	1.14	0.448
亮氨酸Leu	87.4	86.0	88.5	87.9	88.5	87.4	0.94	0.435
苯丙氨酸Phe	88.4	87.0	89.3	88.4	89.5	88.0	0.80	0.292
组氨酸His	82.3	81.3	82.8	82.6	82.7	81.9	1.03	0.909
精氨酸Arg	88.9	87.9	89.5	89.2	90.3	88.9	0.73	0.341
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acid
脯氨酸Pro	80.9	79.4	81.3	80.5	81.0	79.5	0.90	0.568
半胱氨酸Cys	62.1	61.7	63.9	63.6	62.5	61.9	1.90	0.947
天冬氨酸Asp	80.4	77.4	81.4	80.0	81.0	78.7	1.37	1.410
丝氨酸Ser	83.7	82.5	84.4	84.0	84.1	82.4	0.96	0.586
谷氨酸Glu	87.4	85.9	87.8	87.2	87.7	86.6	0.67	0.409
甘氨酸Gly	74.9	72.5	75.9	74.6	75.2	73.6	1.46	0.645
丙氨酸Ala	82.9	80.8	84.0	83.1	84.5	83.1	1.25	0.393
总氨基酸TAA	83.7	82.1	84.5	84.0	84.6	83.1	1.00	0.506

项目Item	处理1 Trt 1					处理2 Trt 2					处理3 Trt 3
项目Item	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid
赖氨酸Lys	2.07	0.94	0.80	0.89	1.24	3.34	0.80	0.44	1.81	1.21	4.11	1.82	0.38	1.58	1.56
蛋氨酸Met	0.99	0.58	1.01	0.73	1.67	1.64	0.41	0.64	1.65	1.43	1.63	1.32	0.59	0.99	1.72
苏氨酸Thr	1.52	0.91	1.60	0.78	1.86	2.48	1.16	0.98	1.35	1.98	2.29	1.82	0.92	0.99	2.26
缬氨酸Val	1.45	0.77	1.59	0.55	1.94	2.36	0.97	0.99	1.78	1.95	2.25	1.50	0.79	1.62	1.89
异亮氨酸Ile	1.30	0.58	1.48	0.71	1.32	2.00	0.70	0.93	1.73	1.50	1.95	1.23	0.82	1.62	1.77
亮氨酸Leu	0.52	0.44	0.75	0.67	0.93	0.92	0.55	0.52	1.42	1.08	0.95	1.03	0.63	0.77	1.08
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.70	0.52	0.59	0.54	0.94	1.27	0.62	0.41	0.99	1.03	1.16	1.06	1.23	0.64	1.04
组氨酸His	1.51	0.60	1.18	0.50	1.22	1.78	0.53	0.89	0.80	1.25	2.44	1.29	0.57	0.70	1.87
精氨酸Arg	1.02	0.34	0.54	0.45	0.87	1.93	0.59	0.36	0.83	1.03	1.90	1.01	0.36	0.61	0.88
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acid
脯氨酸Pro	2.40	1.22	3.43	0.45	1.75	1.58	1.35	1.79	0.88	1.78	1.53	1.74	1.87	1.74	2.55
半胱氨酸Cys	8.05	3.26	12.78	2.86	6.22	3.20	2.38	5.09	2.19	1.91	1.19	3.31	2.47	8.15	4.19
天冬氨酸Asp	2.35	1.53	3.33	0.92	2.03	2.66	2.02	1.41	1.49	1.97	2.00	2.28	1.13	1.84	2.23
丝氨酸Ser	1.51	0.77	1.69	0.72	1.58	1.69	0.93	1.00	0.94	1.49	1.37	1.50	0.78	1.95	1.87
谷氨酸Glu	1.00	0.70	2.82	0.34	1.29	1.18	0.84	1.08	0.62	1.10	0.96	1.10	0.81	1.01	1.59
甘氨酸Gly	4.37	1.69	3.00	0.76	2.78	3.50	1.94	1.52	1.21	2.86	2.55	2.29	1.41	1.86	3.32
丙氨酸Ala	1.14	0.97	1.59	0.83	2.00	1.88	1.67	1.31	1.47	2.44	1.55	1.96	1.15	0.98	2.06
总氨基酸TAA	1.18	0.77	2.04	0.60	1.44	1.65	0.92	1.01	1.10	1.46	1.44	1.38	0.87	0.95	1.73

Effect of Drying Method on Determination of Amino Acid Digestibility of Pig Feed by Biomimetic Method

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项目Item	处理4 Trt 4					处理5 Trt 5					处理6 Trt 6
项目Item	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybean meal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheat bran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybean meal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheat bran	全价饲粮vMixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybean meal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheat bran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid
赖氨酸Lys	4.11	1.34	0.53	2.03	0.65	0.91	1.02	0.23	2.54	0.48	1.63	4.02	0.70	5.47	1.05
蛋氨酸Met	1.63	0.44	0.65	2.39	0.37	0.39	0.85	0.23	1.05	0.77	1.05	1.99	0.92	5.41	1.41
苏氨酸Thr	2.29	0.61	0.90	2.19	1.00	0.39	1.15	0.40	1.04	1.29	2.68	3.14	1.46	5.06	2.00
缬氨酸Val	2.25	0.57	1.00	2.00	0.83	0.63	1.00	0.50	1.78	1.14	3.26	2.85	1.38	4.78	1.70
异亮氨酸Ile	1.95	0.44	0.85	2.15	0.31	0.73	0.74	0.37	2.17	0.91	2.16	1.97	1.08	4.55	1.38
亮氨酸Leu	0.95	0.34	0.67	1.84	0.47	0.36	0.66	0.20	1.84	0.67	1.17	1.70	0.68	3.95	0.77
苯丙氨酸Phe	1.16	0.25	0.51	1.50	0.50	0.43	0.69	0.17	2.10	0.64	1.01	1.71	0.62	3.30	0.88
组氨酸His	2.44	0.46	0.68	1.04	0.21	1.05	0.61	0.43	1.71	0.88	3.99	2.18	1.05	2.24	1.37
精氨酸Arg	1.90	0.45	0.42	1.14	0.57	0.66	0.76	0.12	1.33	0.48	1.90	1.76	0.48	2.05	0.69
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acid
脯氨酸Pro	1.53	0.65	1.55	0.93	0.66	0.89	1.31	0.85	0.72	1.34	4.21	2.65	2.34	2.09	2.44
半胱氨酸Cys	1.19	2.88	3.99	2.03	4.00	3.15	3.41	2.89	7.91	3.79	9.64	8.13	5.18	2.03	7.34
天冬氨酸Asp	2.00	0.93	1.43	2.13	0.86	0.60	1.72	0.76	1.17	1.57	3.44	4.95	2.14	5.02	2.84
丝氨酸Ser	1.37	0.46	0.80	1.31	0.62	0.48	0.81	0.52	0.34	1.13	2.78	2.56	1.46	3.00	1.97
谷氨酸Glu	0.96	0.45	1.21	0.94	0.35	0.19	0.82	0.64	0.36	1.09	2.18	1.61	1.77	1.85	1.83
甘氨酸Gly	2.55	0.96	1.36	1.44	1.04	1.13	1.25	0.85	1.26	1.69	6.10	5.50	2.02	3.44	3.54
丙氨酸Ala	1.55	0.80	1.23	2.12	1.24	0.45	2.04	0.49	1.96	1.24	1.67	3.10	1.36	5.84	1.43
总氨基酸TAA	1.44	0.47	0.96	1.48	0.42	0.27	0.79	0.50	0.98	1.03	2.47	2.46	1.49	3.36	1.76

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