余甘子多糖的结构表征及免疫增强作用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.012.029

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharide (PEP) and analyze its structural characterization and investigate the effect of PEP on immune effect of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. The structural characterization of PEP was analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the same time, 175 1-day-old Hetian chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 35 chickens in each group, including blank control group, vaccine control group, PEP low-dose group, PEP medium-dose group and PEP high-dose group. All chickens were immunized with ND vaccine at 7 days old except the blank control group, and immunized second times at 28 days old. At the same time of immunization, the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of PEP were given 0.5 mL of PEP solution according to the doses of 10, 20 and 30 g·L^-1, respectively, while vaccine control group and blank control group with physiological saline, once a day for 3 successive days. On 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days old, the levels of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody, INF-γ and IL-4 were tested. On 28 and 49 days old, the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ratios were measured. Chickens were slaughtered and the thymus, spleen, bursa and liver were take at 49 days old, then the organs index were calculated. The results showed that PEP was white cotton flocculent, the total carbohydrate content of PEP was (86.70±1.05)%. It was a kind of homogenous polysaccharide containing α-type glycosidic bond without nucleic acid and protein. Also, it was determined to be composed of glucuronic acid (GlcA), glucose (Glu), xylose (Xyl) and fucose (Fuc) in the molar ratio of 0.5:8.3:1.8:0.3. It was distributed in sheet shape, and its overall structure was regular and dense. The results of animal experiment found that PEP significantly increased the level of NDV specific antibody, IFN-γ and IL-4 (P<0.05), the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, the immune organ index and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ratios (P<0.05). Also activated immune function of spleen, bursa, thymus and liver. The total carbohydrate content of PEP was high and its structure was stable. Also, PEP could improve the immune activity of the body, possess good adjuvant activity and control effect on the ND for chicken.

Key words: Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharide, structural characterization, Newcastle disease vaccine, immunoadjuvant

CLC Number:

Q539
S852.52

MENG Zhen, SUN Mengke, XU Yongde, QIN Tao, REN Zhe. Structural Characterization and Immune Enhancement of Phyllanthus emblica Polysaccharide[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(12): 3627-3640.

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Structural Characterization and Immune Enhancement of Phyllanthus emblica Polysaccharide

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