猫栉首蚤携带立克次体、柯克斯体和巴尔通体的分子检测与遗传演化分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在了解中国部分地区猫栉首蚤携带立克次体、柯克斯体和巴尔通体的情况。2019年1月—2023年7月，在中国7省/自治区采集宠物犬和猫体表跳蚤共294只，经形态学鉴定后利用PCR扩增跳蚤的ITS1序列和立克次体的gltA和ompA基因序列、柯克斯体的IS1111序列以及巴尔通体的gltA和ropB基因序列，并对阳性产物进行测序、比对及进化分析。结果显示，本研究采集的294只跳蚤均为猫栉首蚤。分子检测与遗传进化分析结果表明猫栉首蚤携带猫立克次体阳性率为13.3%(39/294)；贝纳柯克斯体阳性率为1.7%(5/294)；巴尔通体阳性率为25.9%(76/294)，其中, 汉塞巴尔通体和寇氏巴尔通体阳性率均为0.3%(1/294)，克氏巴尔通体阳性率为0.7%(2/294), 未定种巴尔通体阳性率为24.5%(72/294)。此外，部分样本中还发现猫立克次体与未定种巴尔通体的共感染现象。我国宠物犬和猫体表的优势蚤种为猫栉首蚤，且证实其携带立克次体、柯克斯体和巴尔通体。首次证实了猫栉首蚤携带贝纳柯克斯体。我国猫栉首蚤携带的立克次体及巴尔通体具有显著的地理分化和基因多样性。

关键词: 猫栉首蚤, 宠物犬和猫, 立克次体, 柯克斯体, 巴尔通体

Abstract:

The infection status of Rickettsia, Coxiella, and Bartonella in cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis collected from selected areas of China was investigated in this study. From January, 2019 to July, 2023, 294 fleas were collected from the body surface of pet dogs and cats across multiple Chinese regions. After preliminary morphological identification, the ITS1 sequences of fleas, gltA and ompA gene sequences of Rickettsia, IS1111 sequences of Coxiella, and gltA and ropB genes sequences of Bartonella were amplified with PCR. The positive products were sequenced and then subjected to sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that all of 294 collected specimens were identified as cat flea C. felis. Results of molecular detection and genetic evolutionary analysis demonstrated that R. felis, C. burnetii and Bartonella were found in cat flea C. felis, with prevalence of 13.3% (39/294), 1.7% (5/294) and 25.9% (76/294), respectively. Among the infections of Bartonella, B. henselae was detected with a prevalence of 0.3% (1/294), B. koehlerae was 0.3% (1/294), B. clarridgeiae was 0.7% (2/294), and Bartonella spp. were 24.5% (72/294). In addition, co-infections involving R. felis and Bartonella spp. were identified. The cat flea C. felis was identified as the predominant flea species infesting pet cats and dogs in China, indicating potential of C. felis as a vector for multiple zoonotic agents. It was proven for the first time that cat flea C. felis carried C. burnetii. Rickettsia and Bartonella carried by C. felis in China showed significant geographical divergence and genetic diversity.

Key words: Ctenocephalides felis, pet dog and cat, Rickettsia, Coxiella, Bartonella

中图分类号:

符意甜, 吴雅丽, 彭妍妍, 苏思, 刘国华. 猫栉首蚤携带立克次体、柯克斯体和巴尔通体的分子检测与遗传演化分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4646-4656.

FU Yitian, WU Yali, PENG Yanyan, SU Si, LIU Guohua. Molecular Detection and Genetic Evolutionary Analysis of Rickettsia, Coxiella, and Bartonella Carried by the Cat Flea Ctenocephalides felis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4646-4656.

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样本地点 Sample site	宿主 Host	样本数量/只 Sample number
山西晋中 Jinzhong，Shanxi	犬 Dog	12
山西晋中 Jinzhong，Shanxi	猫 Cat	14
山西太原 Taiyuan，Shanxi	犬 Dog	14
四川成都 Chengdu，Sichuan	犬 Dog	21
河南洛阳 Luoyang，Henan	犬 Dog	26
河南三门峡 Sanmenxia，Henan	犬 Dog	24
河南信阳 Xinyang，Henan	猫 Cat	13
湖南长沙 Changsha，Hunan	犬 Dog	39
湖南长沙 Changsha，Hunan	猫 Cat	11
广东广州 Guangzhou，Guangdong	犬 Dog	11
广东深圳 Shenzhen，Guangdong	猫 Cat	24
广西北海 Beihai，Guangxi	猫 Cat	63
江苏扬州 Yangzhou，Jiangsu	猫 Cat	22

物种 Species	目的序列 Target sequence	引物序列(5′→ 3′) Primer sequence	产物大小/bp Product size	参考文献 Reference
跳蚤 Flea	ITS1	F：GTACACACCGCCCGTGCGTACT R：GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGACCC	800	[14]
立克次体 Rickettsia	gltA	F：GCTCTTCTCATCCTATGGCTATTAT R：CAGGGTCTTCGTGCATTTCTT	401	[15]
立克次体 Rickettsia	ompA	F：ATGGCGAATATTTCTCCAAAA R：AGTGCAGCATTCGCTCCCCCT	532	[15]
柯克斯体 Coxiella	IS1111	F：TACTGGGTGTTGATATTGC R：CCGTTTCATCCGCGGTG	485	[16]
柯克斯体 Coxiella	IS1111	F：GTAAAGTGATCTACACGA R：TTAACAGCGCTTGAACGT	260	[16]
巴尔通体 Bartonella	gltA	F：GGGGACCAGCTCATGG R：AATGCAAAAAGAACAGTA	380	[17]
巴尔通体 Bartonella	rpoB	F：CGCATTGGCTTACTTCGTATG R：GTAGACTGATTAGAACGCTG	825	[17]

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