野生动物布鲁氏菌病流行现状与分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)是一种由布鲁氏菌感染引起的人兽共患病，在全球范围流行，严重威胁着人类和动物的健康。布鲁氏菌宿主广泛，除人和家畜外，也能引起多种野生动物发病。有研究表明野生动物布病的流行情况与家畜布病流行率存在一定相关性。即使在部分家畜布病净化的地区，野生动物布病导致家畜布病疫情的报告也时有发生，但关于野生动物布病感染情况的报道极少。为了了解全球野生动物布病流行现状，本文对2012—2022年世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)已公布的野生动物布病数据进行梳理，从年份、地区与国家、宿主种类、布鲁氏菌种型等多个方面分析近十年间野生动物布病发病数据，结果表明从2012—2022年WOAH报告野生动物患布病病例数共6 307例。根据年份分析，2015年报告病例数最多，共1 248例；其次为2014年，共1 224例。根据地区与国家分析，报告病例数最多的地区是欧洲(6 094例)，其次是非洲(163例)和美洲(49例)；报告病例数最多的国家是意大利(2 477例)，其次是西班牙(2 365例)、爱沙尼亚(928例)、南非(163例)、匈牙利(121例)等。根据宿主种类分析，野猪(5 862例)是布病报告病例数最高的野生动物，其次是非洲水牛(140例)、野山羊(55例)、西方狍(47例)等。根据布鲁氏菌种型分析，报告病例中猪种布鲁菌感染率最高，占比92%；其次是牛种布鲁氏菌，占比6%。本研究的分析结果表明近十年间布病在多个地区与国家的多种野生动物中流行，其中猪种布鲁氏菌为主要流行菌株，本研究的数据为全球野生动物的布病防控提供了依据。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌病, 野生动物, 发病数, 流行菌株

Abstract: Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella infection, which is prevalent worldwide and seriously threatens the health of humans and animals. Brucella has a wide range of hosts. In addition to humans and livestock, it can also cause disease in a variety of wild animals. Some studies have shown that there is a certain correlation between the prevalence of brucellosis in wild animals and that of brucellosis in livestock. Even in some areas where livestock brucellosis is purified, the case reports of wild animals leading to brucellosis in livestock have occurred currently, but there are few reports of brucellosis infection in wild animals. To know global cases of wildlife brucellosis, this study analyzed cases on wildlife brucellosis reported by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) from 2012 to 2022. The analysis considered multiple factors, including year, region and country, host species, and Brucella strains. The results showed that a total of 6 307 cases of brucellosis in wildlife were reported in WOAH from 2012 to 2022. According to the year analysis, the largest number of cases was reported in 2015, with 1 248 cases, followed by 2014, with 1 224 cases. By region and country analysis, the highest number of cases was reported in Europe (6 094 cases), followed by Africa (163 cases) and the Americas (49 cases). The largest number cases of countries reported were Italy (2 477 cases), followed by Spain (2 365 cases), Estonia (928 cases), South Africa (163 cases), Hungary (121 cases). According to the analysis of host species, wild boar (5 862 cases) was the wildlife with the highest number of reported cases of brucellosis, followed by African buffalo (140 cases), igoat (55 cases), roe deer (47 cases). According to the analysis of Brucella strains, the infection rate of Brucella suis was the highest in the reported cases, accounting for 92%. Followed by the Brucella abortus, accounting for more than 6%. The results of this study showed that brucellosis was prevalent in a variety of wildlife in many regions and countries in the past ten years, with Brucella suis as the main epidemic strain. The data of this study provided a basis for the prevention and control of brucellosis in wildlife in the world.

Key words: brucellosis, wildlife, cases, epidemic strains

中图分类号:

严文岚, 冯宇, 薛天骐, 张子豪, 那仁毕力格, 蒋卉. 野生动物布鲁氏菌病流行现状与分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4253-4266.

YAN Wenlan, FENG Yu, XUE Tianqi, ZHANG Zihao, NARAN Bileg, JIANG Hui. Epidemic Status and Analysis of Brucellosis in Wildlife[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4253-4266.

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