基于超声波测量胸肌厚预测肉鸡产肉性能的选育方法研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在利用超声波技术测量天府肉鸡(TF)胸肌厚，针对肉鸡的产肉性能选育建立高效的选择方法。本研究测定了31只65日龄健康((2.1±0.5) kg)天府肉鸡公鸡的胸肌厚、体尺性状和屠宰性状，运用SPSS 26.0软件分析了胸肌厚与体尺性状和屠宰性状间的相关性和通径系数，建立了胸肌厚与屠宰性状、瘦肉重与体尺性状的最优回归模型，使用JMP软件对天府肉鸡体尺性状进行主成分分析。超声波结果显示，天府肉鸡公鸡胸肌厚服从正态分布，体斜长、胸深、胸角、胫围和冠厚的变异系数大于10%，胸肌厚与胸宽、胸深、胫围、冠厚和胸肌重呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，胸肌厚与龙骨长、胸围、活体重、半净膛重和瘦肉重显著正相关(P < 0.05)。综上所述，65日龄天府肉鸡公鸡的瘦肉重与胸围和体斜长密切相关，体尺性状对瘦肉重以及屠宰性状对胸肌厚的最优线性回归模型实现了对产肉性能的间接选择，活体重、胸宽、胸围、胫围和冠厚是天府肉鸡公鸡选留中需要主要考虑的性状，本研究结果将为优质肉鸡的进一步选育提供理论基础。

关键词: 天府肉鸡, 胸肌厚, 相关性分析, 主成分分析

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to employ ultrasound technology to determine the breast muscle thickness of Tianfu broiler chickens (TF) so as to establish efficient selection method for broiler chickens based on their muscle development. In this present study, the breast muscle thickness, body measurements, and carcass traits of 31 healthy ((2.1±0.5) kg) Tianfu broiler cock chickens (65 days old) were measured, as well as the correlation and path coefficients between the breast muscle thickness, body measurements and carcass traits were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The optimal regression models for the breast muscle thickness and carcass traits, as well as the lean meat weight and body measurements, were established. Furthermore, the principal component analysis was performed on the body measurements using the JMP. The ultrasound results showed that the breast muscle thickness of the Tianfu broiler male chickens followed a normal distribution. The coefficient of variation in the body slope length, chest depth, chest angle, shank girth, and crown thickness were greater than 10%, and the breast muscle thickness was significantly positively correlated with the chest circumference, chest depth, shank girth, crowm thickness, and breast muscle weight (P < 0.01), and was significantly positively correlated with the keel length, chest girth, live weight, half-carcass weight, and lean meat weight (P < 0.05). Taken together, it was revealed in this study that the lean meat weight of the Tianfu broiler male chickens were closely related to the chest girth and body slope length. Furthermore, the meat production performance were indirectly selected through optimal linear regression models of body size traits for lean meat weight and carcass traits for breast muscle thickness, whereas, live weight, chest circumference, chest girth, shank girth, and crown thickness are also traits of importance to be considered in selection of Tianfu broiler chickens. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for further selection of high-quality meat chickens.

Key words: Tianfu broiler, pectoral muscle thickness, correlation analysis, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S831.2

王一诺, 徐丹, 杨建华, 刘洋, 田尧夫, 赵小玲. 基于超声波测量胸肌厚预测肉鸡产肉性能的选育方法研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 2901-2912.

Yinuo WANG, Dan XU, Jianhua YANG, Yang LIU, Yaofu TIAN, Xiaoling ZHAO. Research on a Breeding Method for Predicting Meat Yield Performance of Broilers Based on Ultrasound Measurement of Pectoral Muscle Thickness[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 2901-2912.

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成分Ingredient	含量Content	营养Nutrient	水平Level
玉米Corn	56.40	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) Metabolic energy (ME)	10.98
豆粕Soybean meal	26.20	粗蛋白Crude protein	17.04
麦麸Wheat bran	2.40	粗脂肪Crude fat	3.47
玉米胚芽粉Corn germ meal	3.50	粗纤维Crude fibre	2.68
油脂Lard	0.80	钙Calcium	3.40
石灰石(细)Limestone(fine)	2.30	总磷Total phosphorus	0.63
石灰石(粗)Limestone (coarse)	6.00	有效磷Available phosphorus	0.37
磷酸氢钙Dicalcium phosphate	1.34	赖氨酸Lysine	0.86
氯化钠Sodium chloride	0.24	蛋氨酸Methionine	0.39
氯化胆碱Choline chloride	0.12
维生素预混料¹+ 矿物质预混料² Vitamin premix¹+ mineral premix²	0.70
合计Total	100.00

性状 Trait	柯尔莫戈洛夫-斯米诺夫 Kolmogorov-Smirnov			夏皮洛-威尔克 Shapiro-Wilk test
性状 Trait	统计量 Statistic	自由度 Degree of freedom	显著性 Significance	统计量 Statistic	自由度 Degree of freedom	显著性 Significance
胸肌厚(X12) Pectoralis major thickness(X12)	0.125	31	0.200^*	0.943	31	0.099

性状Trait	平均值Average	标准差Std	变异系数/% CV
体斜长/mm Body slope length	2 102.26	266.15	12.66
龙骨长/mm Keel length	225.29	9.56	4.25
胸宽/mm Chest circumference	114.72	9.14	7.97
胸深/mm Chest depth	57.14	12.88	22.53
胸角/℃hest angel	82.76	10.80	13.05
胸围/mm Chest girth	103.79	7.27	7.01
胫长/mm Shank length	262.65	25.98	9.89
胫围/mm Shank girth	87.60	15.37	17.55
冠高/mm Crown height	48.42	3.45	7.13
冠厚/mm Crown thickness	37.90	6.94	18.32

性状Trait	平均值Average	标准差Std	变异系数/% CV
胸肌厚/mm Pectoralis major thickness	15.57	3.15	20.22
活重/g Live weight	2 102.26	266.15	12.66
半净膛重/g Half-eviscerated weight with giblet	1 740.32	209.16	12.02
全净膛重/g Eviscerated weight	1 398.06	197.2	14.11
胸肌重/g Breast muscle weight	218.72	37.11	16.97
腿肌重/g Leg muscle weight	329.83	49.23	14.93
瘦肉重/g Lean meat weight	548.55	81.70	14.89
心重/g Heart weight	10.98	2.20	19.99
肝脏重/g Liver weight	46.47	6.97	14.99
脾脏重/g Splenic weight	4.03	1.52	37.79
肌胃重/g Musculogastric weight	24.65	4.66	18.89
腺胃重/g Glandular gastric weight	11.08	4.83	43.61

性状Trait	胸肌厚/mm Pectoralis major thickness
体斜长Body slope length	0.253
龙骨长Keel length	0.384^*
胸宽Chest circumference	0.539^**
胸深Chest depth	0.461^**
胸角Chest angel	0.135
胸围Chest girth	0.440^*
胫长Shank length	0.131
胫围Shank girth	0.564^**
冠高Crown height	-0.032
冠厚Crown thickness	0.545^**