铜水平对冬毛期乌苏里貉毛皮品质、血清生化指标及肝相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究日粮中添加铜对冬毛期雄性乌苏里貉毛皮品质、脏器指数、血清生化指标及相关基因表达的影响。随机选取体重相近的雄性乌苏里貉105只，采用单因子试验设计，随机分为7组，每组15个重复，每个重复1只。分别饲喂添加蛋氨酸铜为0（对照组）、30（Ⅰ组）、45（Ⅱ组）、60（Ⅲ组）、75（Ⅳ组）、90（Ⅴ组）和200 mg·kg^-1（Ⅵ组）的试验日粮，预饲期7 d，正式期60 d。试验结束后每组选择8只乌苏里貉采血、屠宰，检测毛皮长、铜蓝蛋白酶活性、超氧化物酶活性及肝中相关基因表达的测定。结果表明：1）铜添加水平对貉的体长、鲜皮长、针毛长与针毛细度有显著影响（P<0.05），对鲜皮重、绒毛长与绒毛细度没有显著影响。2）日粮铜添加水平对乌苏里貉的心脏指数、肝脏指数、肾脏指数与脾脏指数没有显著影响。3）随着铜水平的升高，血清葡萄糖（glucose，GLU）含量也随之升高（P<0.05），不同铜添加剂量对血清中乳糖脱氢酶（lactic dehydrogenase，LDH）、天门冬酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）活性有显著影响（P<0.05），使血清铜蓝蛋白（ceruloplasmin，CER）、总超氧化物歧化酶（Total superoxide dismutase，T-SOD）与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（copper and zinc superoxide dismutase，Cu-Zn SOD）的活性先升高后趋于稳定（P<0.05）。4）日粮不同铜添加水平对肝的CER、Cu-Zn SOD、生长激素受体（Growth hormone receptor，GHR）与胰岛素生长因子I （insulin-like growth factor 1，IGF-1）基因表达有显著影响，90与200 mg·kg^-1组的肝CER和Cu-Zn SOD基因表达水平显著高于30 mg·kg^-1组，30 mg·kg^-1组肝CER和Cu-Zn SOD基因表达水平显著高于未添加组（P<0.05）。90 mg·kg^-1的肝GHR和IGF-1基因表达水平显著高于未添加组（P<0.05）。饲粮中铜添加水平为60~75 mg·kg^-1时，貉的毛皮品质最佳；血清中CER和Cu-Zn SOD的酶活不会随着铜水平的变化而显著变化；血清中AST、ALT和LDH的酶活没有显著变化；此外，还提高了肝内GHR和IGF-1基因的表达量，促进貉生长。结合以上测定指标，建议貉的饲粮中铜添加含量为60~75 mg·kg^-1。

关键词: 铜, 乌苏里貉, 毛皮品质, 铜蓝蛋白, 铜锌超氧化物歧化酶

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary copper on the fur quality, organ index, serum biochemical indices and relative genes expression of fur growing Raccoon dogs. One hundred and five healthy male Raccoon dogs were randomly divided into 7 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 Raccoon dog per replicate. The Raccoon dogs were fed 7 diets with different copper supplemental levels (as methionine chelated copper)：0 (control group), 30(group Ⅰ), 45(group Ⅱ), 60 (group Ⅲ), 75 (group Ⅳ), 90 (group Ⅴ) and 200 mg·kg^-1 (group Ⅵ). The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, 8 Raccoon dogs in each group were selected for blood collection and slaughter. The related indices and genes expression were detelted. The results showed as follows: 1) Copper addition level had a significant effect on the skin length, body length, guard hair fibre length, guard hair fibre fineness(P<0.05), but had no significant effect on skin weight, underfur hair fibre length, underfur hair fibre fineness. 2) Dietary copper su-pplementation had no significant effect on the heart index, liver index, kidney index and spleen index of Raccoon dogs. 3) With the increase of copper level, serum GLU content also significantly increased (P<0.05), and different copper addition doses had significant effects on serum LDH, AST and ALT activity (P<0.05), and the serum CER, T-SOD and Cu-Zn SOD activity increased first and then tended to be stable (P<0.05). 4) Different dietary copper levels had significant on Liver CER, Cu-Zn SOD、GHR、IGF-1 genes expression. The expression levels of CER and Cu-Zn SOD genes in the liver of the groups of 90 and 200 mg·kg^-1 were significantly higher than that in the group of 30 mg·kg^-1, and the expression levels of CER and Cu-Zn SOD genes in the group of 30 mg·kg^-1 were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression level of GHR and IGF-1 genes in the group of 90 mg·kg^-1 were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).When the dietary copper level was 60-75 mg·kg^-1, the fur quality of Raccoon dogs was the best; The CER and Cu-Zn SOD activity in serum did not change significantly with the change of copper level and there was no significant change in serum AST, ALT and LDH enzyme activity; in addition, the expression of GHR and IGF-1 genes in liver increased to promote the growth of Raccoon dogs. Combined with the above determination indicators, it is recommended that the dietary copper content of Raccoon dogs is 60-75 mg·kg^-1.

Key words: copper, Raccoon dog, fur quality, CER, Cu-Zn SOD

中图分类号:

S816.72

张新宇, 刘超楠, 杨乾龙, 韩菲菲, 张如春, 李光玉, 刘晗璐. 铜水平对冬毛期乌苏里貉毛皮品质、血清生化指标及肝相关基因表达的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(2): 429-439.

ZHANG Xinyu, LIU Chaonan, YANG Qianlong, HAN Feifei, ZHANG Ruchun, LI Guangyu, LIU Hanlu. Effects of Copper Supplemental Level on Fur Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices and Liver Related Genes Expression of Fur Growing Raccoon Dog[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(2): 429-439.

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