口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效果及其对鉴别诊断的干扰

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.10.016

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2481-2489.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.10.016

口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效果及其对鉴别诊断的干扰

孙普¹, 何伟^1,2, 付元芳¹, 李冬¹, 杨林¹, 魏德陇¹, 曹轶梅¹, 李平花¹, 白兴文¹, 马雪青¹, 李坤¹, 包慧芳¹, 张婧¹, 朱新荣³, 刘在新^1*, 卢曾军^1*

1. 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所, 家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室, 农业部畜禽病毒学重点开放实验室, 国家口蹄疫参考实验室, 兰州 730046;
2. 甘肃农业大学, 兰州 730070;
3. 甘肃荷斯坦奶牛繁育示范中心, 兰州 730086

收稿日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-10-26
通讯作者: 刘在新,主要从事动物病毒免疫和分子生物学研究,E-mail:liuzaixin@caas.cn;卢曾军,主要从事口蹄疫与猪重要病毒病的分子生物学与免疫学研究,E-mail:luzengjun@caas.cn
作者简介:孙普(1981-),男,甘肃靖远人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事重要家畜病毒生物学和免疫学研究,E-mail:sunpu@caas.cn;Tel:0931-8378501
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0501504；2017YFD0501104）

Immune Effect of Inactivated Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Their Interference on Differential Diagnosis

SUN Pu¹, HE Wei^1,2, FU Yuanfang¹, LI Dong¹, YANG Lin¹, WEI Delong¹, CAO Yimei¹, LI Pinghua¹, BAI Xingwen¹, MA Xueqing¹, LI Kun¹, BAO Huifang¹, ZHANG Jing¹, ZHU Xinrong³, LIU Zaixin^1*, LU Zengjun^1*

1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
2. Animal Medical School of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3. Gansu Holstein Cow Breeding Center, Lanzhou 730086, China

Received:2020-04-10 Online:2020-10-25 Published:2020-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 灭活疫苗免疫是防控口蹄疫的重要措施，但是灭活疫苗的免疫效果及其对感染与免疫鉴别诊断的干扰一直是口蹄疫免疫无疫区建设评估需要明确的重要问题。本研究中选择了3个企业（代号A、B与C）的4组口蹄疫O型与A型二价灭活疫苗，分别免疫口蹄疫抗体阴性健康未成年牛，免疫3～4次，测定免疫前后结构蛋白和非结构蛋白抗体的应答水平。结果显示：（1）结构蛋白抗体合格率：a1组（A企业多批次疫苗）4次免疫后O型和A型均为100%；a2组（A企业同批次疫苗）一~三免O型为36.7%、98.3%与100%，A型为15%、86.7%与100%；b组（B企业疫苗）一~三免O型为18.3%、97%与100%，A型为1.7%、45%与53.3%；c组（C企业疫苗）一~三免O型为26.7%、96.7%与100%，A型为21.7%、71.7%与100%。（2）非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性率（两种方法复核结果）：a1组一~四免分别为0.7%、1.4%、9.5%与4.8%；a2组和c组三次免疫均未检测到阳性；b组仅三免后阳性率为0.6%。3组灭活疫苗首次免疫牛的抗体合格率远不及70%，但加强免疫后抗体合格率均显著提高；非结构蛋白抗体检测结果表明有3组疫苗的抗原纯净度符合OIE的要求，但a1组灭活疫苗免疫后，仍然对感染与免疫鉴别诊断存在干扰；采用两种非结构蛋白抗体检测方法进行复核检验，可以提高感染与免疫鉴别诊断的准确性。本研究为口蹄疫免疫无疫评价方案的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 口蹄疫, 灭活疫苗, 免疫效果, 抗原纯净度, 鉴别诊断

Abstract: Vaccination with inactivated vaccine is an important measure to prevent and control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), however, the immune effect and antigenic purity of inactivated vaccines are two major concerns for the establishment and evaluation of FMD free zones with vaccination. In this study, four groups of FMD type O and type A bivalent inactivated vaccines from 3 FMD vaccine manufacturers (designated as A, B and C) were selected to inoculate healthy juvenile cattle of FMD free. All cattle were immunized 3 or 4 times at a 1-month interval. Serum samples were collected before and after 1 month of every vaccination to determine the level of antibody to structural protein and non-structural protein. Results：(1) The qualified rates of antibody to structural protein: in group a1 (vaccine from company A, different batches), the antibody qualified rate could reach 100% for type O and type A, respectively after each vaccination. In group a2 (vaccines from company A, same batch), the antibody qualified rates were 36.7%, 98.3% and 100% for type O, and 15%, 86.7% and 100% for type A after the first to the third vaccination, respectively. In group b (vaccine from company B, same batch), the antibody qualified rates were 18.3%, 97% and 100% for type O, and 1.7%, 45% and 53.3% for type A after the first to the third vaccination, respectively. In group c (vaccines from company C, same batch), the antibody qualified rates were 26.7%, 96.7% and 100% for type O, and 21.7%, 71.7% and 100% for type A after the first to the third vaccination, respectively. (2) Antibody positive rate to non-structural protein 3ABC (confirmed with second ELISA test): In group a1, the positive rates were 0.7%, 1.4%, 9.5% and 4.8% after the first to the fourth vaccination, respectively; In group a2 and c, no 3ABC antibody-positive animal was detected after 3 repeated vaccination; In Group b, only one animal with a positive rate of 0.6% was detected after the third vaccination. The antibody qualified rates to the structural protein of FMDV in 3 of the 4 groups were far less than 70% after the primary vaccination, however, those were increased significantly after boost and repeated vaccination. The antigen purity of vaccines in three groups (a2, b and c) can meet the requirement of OIE standard on the FMD vaccine, however, the seroconversion to 3ABC antibody was obvious in animals from group a1 after repeated vaccination, which would cause some extent of interference to differential diagnosis. Also, a combination of a primary screening test and a confirmatory ELISA test can further improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis. This study provides an important scientific basis to make a rational program for establishment and evaluation of FMD free zone with vaccination.

Key words: foot-and-mouth disease, inactivated vaccine, immune efficacy, antigen purity, differential diagnosis

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

孙普, 何伟, 付元芳, 李冬, 杨林, 魏德陇, 曹轶梅, 李平花, 白兴文, 马雪青, 李坤, 包慧芳, 张婧, 朱新荣, 刘在新, 卢曾军. 口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效果及其对鉴别诊断的干扰[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(10): 2481-2489.

SUN Pu, HE Wei, FU Yuanfang, LI Dong, YANG Lin, WEI Delong, CAO Yimei, LI Pinghua, BAI Xingwen, MA Xueqing, LI Kun, BAO Huifang, ZHANG Jing, ZHU Xinrong, LIU Zaixin, LU Zengjun. Immune Effect of Inactivated Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Their Interference on Differential Diagnosis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(10): 2481-2489.

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口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效果及其对鉴别诊断的干扰

Immune Effect of Inactivated Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Their Interference on Differential Diagnosis

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