母猪电子群养系统和个体限位栏系统繁殖性能及动物福利水平对比分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在调查两种妊娠母猪养殖模式——母猪电子群养（Electronic sow feeding，ESF）系统和个体限位栏系统（Individual stall system）对母猪繁殖性能、福利水平（行为表达和伤痕、眼鼻分泌物发生率）和断奶仔猪成本的影响。研究选用了兼有ESF群养系统和限位栏系统的两家养猪场各100头、60头、120头妊娠母猪，比较了同一猪场内两种系统母猪的繁殖性能、行为指标、伤痕和眼鼻分泌物发生情况，并核算了各自的断奶仔猪成本。结果表明：在繁殖性能方面，母猪电子群养系统和个体限位栏系统的母猪年耗料、妊娠天数、每窝产活仔数、每窝断奶仔猪数和年产胎次无显著差异（P>0.05），但母猪电子群养系统中断奶仔猪体重显著升高（P<0.05），表明两种系统繁殖性能相近，且母猪电子群养系统更有利于哺乳仔猪的生长。在福利水平方面，母猪电子群养系统中妊娠母猪的站立、躺卧、空口咀嚼、咬栏、排尿、饮水行为发生次数以及生殖器伤痕和眼鼻分泌物发生率显著下降（P<0.05），睡觉、争斗、发声、采食和排便行为发生次数以及体表伤痕发生率显著升高（P<0.05），表明母猪电子群养系统中妊娠母猪大多数福利指标优于个体限位栏系统，而争斗、发声、体外伤痕的显著升高主要是因为在电子群养系统中母猪之间的接触机会增多所致。在断奶仔猪成本方面，母猪电子群养系统的水电费分摊成本和猪舍及设备折旧分摊成本显著升高（P<0.05），工资分摊成本显著下降（P<0.05），导致断奶仔猪总成本无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此表明，母猪电子群养系统和个体限位栏系统的繁殖性能和断奶仔猪总成本差异不大，但前者动物福利水平有显著改善。母猪电子群养系统可以有效节约人工成本，但对饲养和管理人员的责任心和技术水平有较高要求。

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the effect of two different kinds of pregnant sow husbandry systems，electronic sow feeding (ESF) group housing system and the traditional individual stall system，on reproductive performance，welfare levels (behavioral expression，incidence rate of injury，secretion of eyes and snout) and the average cost for each weaned piglet.100，60，120 pregnant sows from each system in the 2 farms with ESF and individual stall systems were chose to compare their reproductive performance，behavior index，scars and eye nasal secretions between the 2 systems within the same farm，and account the cost of weaning piglets.The results showed that，in reproductive performance，there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in annual fodder consumption，days of pregnancy，number of pigs born alive in each litter，number of weaned piglets in each litter and annual parity for sows bred between the 2 systems，but the ESF system significantly increased the weight of weaned piglets (P<0.05).The result showed that individuals in the 2 systems had similar reproductive performance and the ESF system had an advantage on suckling pig growth.In terms of animal welfare，a significant decline in the frequency of standing，lying，sham-chewing，bar-biting，urination，drinking，genital injury and secretions of the eyes and snout (P<0.05) were recorded in the ESF system.There was also a considerable rise in the occurrence of sleeping，fighting，vocalizing，feeding，defecation and sow’s physical injuries (P<0.05) in the ESF system.The results showed that individuals in the ESF system had better sow welfare than the individuals in stall system in most areas，the increase in vocalizing，fighting and physical injuries was because these were more opportunities for individual interaction among sows in the ESF system.In terms of the costs for producing a weaned piglet，there was a significant increase in water and electricity expenses and the depreciation of plant and equipment (P<0.05) in the ESF system，but at the same time，a significant reduction in wage costs (P<0.05)，which resulted in no significant difference in the total costs for breeding weaned piglet between the 2 systems(P>0.05).The findings of this investigation show that there is no significant difference between the ESF group housing system and individual stall system in terms of average weaned piglet cost and reproductive performance，but that the ESF system has improved animal welfare for the sows and can effectively reduce labor costs.However，it also needs well trained and responsible personnel to manage the system properly.

中图分类号:

S815.4

顾宪红，张俊玲. 母猪电子群养系统和个体限位栏系统繁殖性能及动物福利水平对比分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(6): 1189-1197.

GU Xian-hong，ZHANG Jun-ling. Comparative Analysis of Reproductive Performance and Animal Welfare Levels in Electronic Sow Feeding and Conventional Sow Stall Systems[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(6): 1189-1197.

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