低蛋白日粮条件下1~14日龄沃德188肉鸡精氨酸需要量研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.021

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 5612-5622.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.021

低蛋白日粮条件下1~14日龄沃德188肉鸡精氨酸需要量研究

李薇羽¹(), 呙于明², 付蹇洋², 刘爱巧³, 李文斌³, 李冬立³, 董晓丽⁴, 吕增鹏²^,*(), 李建慧¹^,*()

1. 山西农业大学动物科学学院, 太谷 030801
2. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 北京 100193
3. 思玛特(北京)食品有限责任公司国家肉鸡产业技术体系平谷综合试验站, 北京 101203
4. 希杰(上海)商贸有限公司, 上海 200050

收稿日期:2024-11-01 出版日期:2025-11-23 发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者: 吕增鹏,李建慧 E-mail:2539488638@qq.com;lvzengpeng310@cau.edu.cn;504387687@qq.com
作者简介:李薇羽(2001-)，女，河南通许人，硕士，主要从事家禽饲料与营养科学研究，E-mail：2539488638@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助(2021YFD1300404)；山西省基础研究计划面上项目(202203021221172)；思玛特(北京)食品有限公司横向课题(69193033)

Study on Arginine Requirement of 1-14 Day-old WOD 188 Broilers under Low Protein Diet

LI Weiyu¹(), GUO Yuming², FU Jianyang², LIU Aiqiao³, LI Wenbin³, LI Dongli³, DONG Xiaoli⁴, LÜ Zengpeng²^,*(), LI Jianhui¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3. Smart Food Co., Ltd., Pinggu Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Broiler Industry Technology System, Beijing 101203, China
4. CJ Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200050, China

Received:2024-11-01 Online:2025-11-23 Published:2025-11-27
Contact: Lü Zengpeng, LI Jianhui E-mail:2539488638@qq.com;lvzengpeng310@cau.edu.cn;504387687@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨低蛋白日粮条件下沃德188肉鸡1~14日龄的精氨酸(Arg)需要量模型。试验选取1日龄沃德188(WOD 188)肉鸡共600只，公母各半并分别饲养，每种性别随机分为5个处理，设置1个正常蛋白水平对照组和4个Arg水平的低蛋白日粮组(降低1.5个百分点的粗蛋白)，标准回肠可消化Arg(SID Arg)与SID赖氨酸(Lys)水平的比例(SID Arg/SID Lys)分别为92%(LP92)、104%(LP104)、113%(LP113)和124%(LP124)，每个处理6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。结果表明：1)根据体增重(BWG)与低蛋白日粮SID Arg/SID Lys水平的比例模式拟合得出1~14日龄沃德188肉鸡Arg需要量的二次回归模型(母鸡：BWG/g=-0.041X²+9.197X-140.429，R²=0.998；公鸡：BWG/g=-0.067X²+14.87X-399.52，R²=0.910)；以代谢体重(BW^0.70)和BWG为自变量、SID Arg摄入量(Y)为因变量得出Arg动态需要量模型(母鸡：Y=1.772*BW^0.70+2.699*BWG；公鸡：Y=23.243*BW^0.70+24.067*BWG)。当低蛋白日粮中SID Arg/SID Lys为111%~112%时，可实现母鸡的最佳生产性能；当日粮中SID Arg/SID Lys为108% ~112%时，可实现公鸡的最佳生产性能。2)对于母鸡而言，与对照组相比，低蛋白日粮组补充Arg显著降低法氏囊指数，LP92、LP104、LP113以及LP124组的法氏囊指数分别降低了39%、28%、33%、28%(P < 0.05)；对于公鸡而言，与常规日粮组相比，LP92、LP104、LP113以及LP124组的脾脏指数分别降低了20%、10%、30%、20%(P < 0.05)。3)与对照组相比，低蛋白日粮组的粪便氮含量显著减少。母鸡LP92、LP104、LP113以及LP124组的粪便氮含量分别降低了8.3%、8.8%、10.2%、10.7%(P < 0.01)，各组氮存留率没有显著性差异(P>0.05)；公鸡LP92、LP104、LP113以及LP124组的粪便氮含量分别降低了8.8%、8.8%、7.2%、12.3%(P < 0.01)，LP92组的低蛋白日粮组的氮存留率降低4.9%(P < 0.05)。4)LP92组的血清TP、ALB含量显著低于其他组(P < 0.01)，其他低蛋白日粮组与对照组无显著差异。总之，本研究建立了低蛋白日粮条件下1~14日龄WOD 188肉鸡Arg需要量模型，在低蛋白日粮中添加适量Arg可以提高沃德188肉鸡生长性能，降低氮排放。

关键词: 沃德188肉鸡, 精氨酸需要量, 低蛋白日粮

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the arginine (Arg) requirement model of WOD 188 broilers aged 1-14 days under the condition of low-protein diets. A total of 600 1-day-old WOD 188 broilers were selected for the experiment, with half male and half female, and they were reared separately. Each gender was randomly divided into 5 treatments, including 1 control group with normal protein level diet and 4 low-protein diet (crude protein was reduced by 1.5 percentage points) groups with different Arg levels. The ratios of standard ileal digestible Arg (SID Arg) to SID Lys levels (SID Arg/SID Lys) were 92% (LP92), 104% (LP104), 113% (LP113), and 124% (LP124) respectively. Each treatment had 6 replicates, with 10 chickens per replicate. The results showed that: 1) A quadratic regression model for the Arg requirement of 1-14-day-old WOD 188 broilers was obtained by fitting the pattern of body weight gain (BWG) and the SID Arg/SID Lys level ratio in low-protein diets (Female broilers: BWG/g=-0.041X²+9.197X-140.429, R²=0.998; Male broilers: BWG/g=-0.067X²+14.87X-399.52, R²=0.910); A dynamic Arg requirement model was derived with metabolic body weight (BW^0.70) and BWG as independent variables, and SID Arg intake (Y) as the dependent variable (Female broilers: Y=1.772BW^0.70+2.699BWG; Male broilers: Y=23.243BW^0.70+24.067BWG). The optimal production performance of female broilers was achieved when the SID Arg/SID Lys in the low-protein diet was 111%-112%; The optimal production performance of male broilers was achieved when the SID Arg/SID Lys in the diet was 108%-112%. 2) For female broilers, compared with the control group, supplementing Arg in the low-protein diet group significantly reduced the bursa of Fabricius index. The bursa of Fabricius indexes in the LP92, LP104, LP113, and LP124 groups were reduced by 39%, 28%, 33%, and 28% respectively (P < 0.05); For male broilers, compared with the conventional diet group, the spleen indexes in the LP92, LP104, LP113, and LP124 groups were reduced by 20%, 10%, 30%, and 20% respectively (P < 0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the fecal nitrogen content in the low-protein diet groups were significantly reduced. The fecal nitrogen contents in the LP92, LP104, LP113 and LP124 groups of female broilers were reduced by 8.3%, 8.8%, 10.2% and 10.7% respectively (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was obtain in the index of nitrogen retention rate. The fecal nitrogen contents in the LP92, LP104, LP113, and LP124 groups of male broilers were reduced by 8.8%, 8.8%, 7.2%, and 12.3% respectively (P < 0.01), and the nitrogen retention rate in the low-protein diet group of LP92 was reduced by 4.9% (P < 0.05). 4) The contents of serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in the LP92 group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between other low-protein diet groups and the control group. In conclusion, this study established the Arg requirement model of 1-14-day-old WOD 188 broilers under the condition of low-protein diets. Adding an appropriate amount of Arg to low-protein diets can improve the growth performance of WOD 188 broilers and reduce nitrogen emissions.

Key words: WOD 188 broilers, arginine requirement, low protein diet

中图分类号:

S831.5

李薇羽, 呙于明, 付蹇洋, 刘爱巧, 李文斌, 李冬立, 董晓丽, 吕增鹏, 李建慧. 低蛋白日粮条件下1~14日龄沃德188肉鸡精氨酸需要量研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5612-5622.

LI Weiyu, GUO Yuming, FU Jianyang, LIU Aiqiao, LI Wenbin, LI Dongli, DONG Xiaoli, LÜ Zengpeng, LI Jianhui. Study on Arginine Requirement of 1-14 Day-old WOD 188 Broilers under Low Protein Diet[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5612-5622.

图/表 6

表 1

基础日粮组成及营养成分含量(风干基础)"

原料 Ingredient	d 1-14		营养水平³⁾ Nutrient level	d 1-14
原料 Ingredient	对照组 CN	低蛋白组 LP	营养水平³⁾ Nutrient level	对照组 CN	低蛋白组 LP
玉米[7.8%] Corn	47.40	52.20	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) Apparent metabolizable energy	12.76	12.76
大豆粕[43%] Soybean meal	30.42	24.78	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) Apparent metabolizable energy
玉米蛋白粉[61%] Corn protein	5.62	5.00	粗蛋白质Crude protein	23.18	21.49
小麦粉Wheat flour	10.00	10.00	真蛋白True protein	22.51	19.97
磷酸氢钙Dicalcium phosphate	1.48	1.54	可消化赖氨酸SID Lysine	1.19	1.19
大豆油Soybean oil	1.91	1.72	可消化蛋氨酸SID Methionine	0.54	0.54
石粉Limestone	1.67	1.70	可消化苯酪氨酸SID Phenyltyrosin	1.41	1.37
食盐Sodium chloride	0.29	0.24	可消化苯丙氨酸SID Phenylalanine	1.05	1.03
氯化胆碱50% Choline chloride	0.12	0.12	可消化苏氨酸SID Threonine	0.75	0.75
微量元素预混料¹⁾ Trace element premix premix	0.20	0.20	可消化精氨酸SID Arginine	1.23	1.23
微量元素预混料¹⁾ Trace element premix premix			可消化组氨酸SID Histidine	0.54	0.48
L-蛋氨酸L-methionine	0.20	0.23	可消化亮氨酸SID Leucine	1.82	1.71
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lysine, HCl	0.33	0.50	可消化异亮氨酸SID Isoleucine	0.85	0.80
维生素预混料²⁾ Vitamin premix	0.02	0.02	可消化色氨酸SID Tryptophan	0.28	0.24
L-苯丙氨酸L-Phenylalanine	0	0.10	可消化缬氨酸SID Valine	0.94	0.94
L-苏氨酸L-Threonine	0.06	0.15	可消化甘+丝氨酸SID Glycine +Serine	1.73	1.75
L-精氨酸L-Arginine	0	0.17	钙Calcium	1.05	1.05
L-异亮氨酸L-Isoleucine	0	0.06	可利用磷Available phosphorus	0.35	0.35
L-缬氨酸L-Valine	0.01	0.12	赖氨酸Total Lysine	1.24	1.22
甘氨酸Glycine	0	0.22	蛋氨酸Total Methionine	0.63	0.62
植酸酶Phytase	0.02	0.02	苯酪氨酸Total Phenyltyrosin	1.54	1.57
沸石粉Zeolite powder	0	0.50	苯丙氨酸Total Phenylalanine	1.17	1.16
碳酸钾Potassium carbonate	0.11	0.23	苏氨酸Total Threonine	0.87	0.87
碳酸氢钠Sodium bicarbonate	0.14	0.22	精氨酸Total Arginine	1.39	1.38
合计	100.00	100.00	组氨酸Total Histidine	0.55	0.47
			亮氨酸Total Leucine	2.14	2.12
			异亮氨酸Total Isoleucine	0.94	0.91
			色氨酸Total Tryptophan	0.30	0.29
			缬氨酸Total Valine	1.01	0.98
			甘+丝氨酸Total Glycine+Serine	1.95	1.96

表 1

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

表 6

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项目Item		对照组CN	低蛋白组LP group				P值 P-value	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
项目Item		对照组CN	LP 92	LP 104	LP 113	LP 124	P值 P-value	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
母鸡 Female broiler	体重/g Body weight	410.3±3.9^a	397.4±12.4^b	411.1±8.1^a	412.5±5.7^a	406.7±9.7^ab	0.035	0.134	0.017
母鸡 Female broiler	体增重/g Body weight gain	369.4±4.1^a	356.5±12.6^b	370.1±7.9^a	371.9±5.8^a	365.8±9.7^ab	0.034	0.13	0.016
	采食量/g Feed intake	454.4±12.2	452.8±15.0	467.3±14.6	466.7±5.7	459.2±10.6	0.147	0.434	0.073
	料重比 FCR	1.23±0.03^b	1.27±0.02^a	1.26±0.02^a	1.26±0.02^a	1.25±0.02^ab	0.036	0.129	0.317
公鸡 Male broiler	体重/g Body weight	463.0±12.6	450.5±7.2	454.9±7.2	458.3±21.4	455.5±8.1	0.529	0.201	＜0.001
公鸡 Male broiler	体增重/g Body weight gain	421.9±12.7	409.4±7.2	413.8±7.1	417.0±21.2	414.4±8.2	0.526	0.013	＜0.001
	采食量/g Feed intake	505.2±8.2	503.7±10.7	512.7±4.4	508.6±12.7	497.1±8.7	0.086	0.535	＜0.001
	料重比 FCR	1.20±0.02^b	1.23±0.02^ab	1.24±0.02^a	1.22±0.04^ab	1.20±0.01^b	0.034	0.929	0.006

项目 Item	模型名称(Y值) Model name (Y value)	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	顶点(X, Y) Vertex
母鸡 Female broiler	体增重/g Body weight gain	Y=-0.041X²+9.197X-140.429	0.998	X=112，Y=375.33
	采食量/g Feed intake	Y=-0.046X²+10.221X-93.976	0.961	X=111，Y=473.79
	料重比FCR	Y=0.195X²-0.487X+1.554	0.965	X=1.25，Y=1.25
	Arg动态需要量方程 The dynamic Arg requirement model	Y=1.772BW^0.70+2.699BWG	0.863	P＜0.001
公鸡 Male broiler	体增重/g Body weight gain	Y=-0.067X²+14.866X-399.521	0.910	X=109，Y=424.85
	采食量/g Feed intake	Y=-0.055X²+11.874X-122.174	0.910	X=108，Y=518.70
	料重比FCR	Y=-0.667X²+1.338X+0.565	0.936	X=1.00，Y=1.24
	Arg动态需要量方程 The dynamic Arg requirement model	Y=23.243BW^0.70+24.067BWG	0.804	P=0.001

项目Item		对照组CN	低蛋白组LP group				P值 P-value	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
项目Item		对照组CN	LP 92	LP 104	LP 113	LP 124	P值 P-value	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
母鸡 Female broiler	肝脏指数/% Liver index	3.61±0.31	3.66±0.38	3.76±0.11	3.49±0.32	3.58±0.18	0.527	0.519	0.620
母鸡 Female broiler	脾脏指数/% Spleen index	0.09±0.18	0.08±0.01	0.08±0.09	0.07±0.01	0.08±0.02	0.238	0.560	0.103
	法氏囊指数/% Index of bursa of Fabricius	0.18±0.05^a	0.11±0.02^b	0.13±0.01^b	0.12±0.03^b	0.13±0.01^b	0.001	0.044	0.003
	胸腺指数/% Thymus index	0.40±0.05	0.35±0.08	0.35±0.08	0.30±0.05	0.35±0.06	0.155	0.095	0.076
公鸡 Male broiler	肝脏指数/% Liver index	3.28±0.23	3.38±0.26	3.39±0.29	3.30±0.25	3.56±0.12	0.338	0.146	0.293
公鸡 Male broiler	脾脏指数/% Spleen index	0.10±0.02^a	0.08±0.01^abc	0.09±0.01^ab	0.07±0.01^c	0.08±0.01^bc	0.014	0.005	0.014
	法氏囊指数/% Index of bursa of Fabricius	0.18±0.05	0.17±0.02	0.21±0.04	0.17±0.01	0.18±0.03	0.380	0.831	0.815
	胸腺指数/% Thymus index	0.39±0.16	0.37±0.06	0.46±0.06	0.33±0.05	0.38±0.10	0.319	0.663	0.808

项目Item		对照组CN	低蛋白组LP group				P值 P-value
项目Item		对照组CN	LP 92	LP 104	LP 113	LP 124	P值 P-value
母鸡 Female broiler	粪便氮/% Fecal nitrogen	6.25±0.03^a	5.73±0.05^b	5.70±0.12^bc	5.61±0.06^bc	5.58±0.08^c	＜0.01
母鸡 Female broiler	氮存留率/% Nitrogen retention rate	60.12±0.66	61.42±3.05	59.73±0.61	61.11±0.46	60.76±0.86	0.653
	摄入总氮/g Total nitrogen intake	27.16±2.05	25.32±0.42	24.12±0.47	25.59±1.17	25.28±1.26	0.123
	排出总氮/g Total nitrogen excretion	10.82±0.70	9.77±0.73	9.71±0.61	9.96±0.57	9.92±0.55	0.199
公鸡 Male broiler	粪便氮/% Fecal nitrogen	6.11±0.07^a	5.57±0.04^bc	5.57±0.04^bc	5.67±0.07^b	5.36±0.08^d	＜0.01
公鸡 Male broiler	氮存留率/% Nitrogen retention rate	60.85±1.70^a	57.89±0.78^b	60.82±0.95^a	59.66±1.23^ab	61.16±1.22^a	0.043
	摄入总氮/g Total nitrogen intake	29.17±1.35	27.79±0.81	24.63±1.26	24.25±4.73	27.05±0.85	0.116
	排出总氮/g Total nitrogen excretion	11.43±0.96	11.70±0.36	9.66±0.72	9.81±2.13	10.50±0.38	0.163

项目 Item	SID Arg/SID Lys(%)	公鸡Male broiler
项目 Item	SID Arg/SID Lys(%)	TP/(g·L^-1)	ALB/(g·L^-1)	BUN/(mmol·L^-1)	UA/(μmol·L^-1)
对照组CN	104	36.0±2.8^a	17.3±1.4^a	0.45±0.19	408±31
低蛋白组LP	LP92	29.9±1.8^b	14.7±0.7^c	0.33±0.23	428±56
	LP104	36.4±2.7^a	16.7±0.3^ab	0.32±0.12	402±37
	LP113	37.0±3.2^a	15.4±1.0^c	0.28±0.10	425±33
	LP124	34.0±1.3^a	15.6±0.8^bc	0.32±0.17	413±12
P值P-value		＜0.01	＜0.01	0.499	0.715

低蛋白日粮条件下1~14日龄沃德188肉鸡精氨酸需要量研究

Study on Arginine Requirement of 1-14 Day-old WOD 188 Broilers under Low Protein Diet

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