Abstract: 20 chickens in laying, broodiness and nonovulatory periods, respectively selected from 880 Xueshan chickens aged 250 days, were slaughtered in order to get hypothalamus, pituitary, oviduct and ovarian, in which the mRNA expression level of prolactin gene was detected by realtime PCR. Correlative analysis was carried out between prolactin gene mRNA expression level and the reproductive performance. The results showed that PRL gene was expressed in all of four tissues, but the expression in pituitary were significantly higher than that in other tissues.The expression in the other three tissues was not significantly different. In pituitary, PRL mRNA expression in broodiness period was significantly higher than that in ovulatory and nonovulatory, while in hypothalamus, oviduct and ovarian, the expression didn′t show any significant difference. PRL expression in pituitary negatively correlated with reproductive performance of the breeding bird and the correlative coefficient was －0328.